阿尔金断裂带年代学和阿尔金山隆升

对阿尔金山断裂带内变形的中生代剪切带中眼球状片麻岩、糜棱岩化花岗片麻岩和新生代剪切带中强变形绿片岩系列样品中同构造新生云母矿物的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar法定年,获得了164.3~178.4Ma和26.3~36.4Ma两组年龄。结合阿尔金走滑断裂水平错距的研究,认为164.3~178.4Ma的年龄代表阿尔金走滑断裂带的起始活动时间(早侏罗世末—中侏罗世),尔后分别在距今100~85Ma,40~25Ma和10~8Ma发生多次脉冲式走滑活动。新生代沉积物研究表明上干柴沟组和下干柴沟组砂岩骨架矿物成份含量明显不同,随时间变化,石英含量减少,岩屑组份和不稳定矿物含量增加,分选性逐渐变差。这表明阿尔金山在渐新世(下干柴沟组时期)开始发生明显的隆升。地震和柴达木—塔里木盆地沉积速率资料显示在晚中新世山体也发生了一次强烈的隆升。七个泉组(上新世末—早更新世初)和下伏沉积物(上新世中期)之间的角度不整合反映了最后一次强烈隆升事件发生在晚上新世。多数隆升事件和阿尔金断裂带新生代脉冲式活动的同位素年龄完全一致,表明阿尔金山的隆升和断裂带的活动具有密切的成因联系。     

多卫星组合的GPS-MR土壤湿度反演

单天中卫星低高度角状态持续时间较短,导致基于单颗GPS卫星多路径信噪比SNR的土壤湿度反演时间分辨率较低。为保证土壤湿度反演结果的可靠性和准确性,同时改善土壤湿度反演的时间分辨率,顾及信噪比有效高度角区间,提出一种基于多GPS卫星组合的GPS-MR高时间分辨率土壤湿度反演方法。实验结果表明,多卫星延迟相位组合能较好地表征土壤湿度变化趋势,二者相关系数优于0.92;土壤湿度反演时间分辨率由1 d提升为2 h。     

一种基于Tikhonov正则化的改进多面函数拟合法

多面函数拟合法的平滑系数取值问题一直没有得到很好的解决,为此,提出一种基于Tikhonov正则化的改进多面函数拟合法。该方法引入正则化替代平滑系数,根据泛化误差极小化原则确定正则化系数,规避了平滑系数的不确定性,并去除了原方法核函数个数的约束条件。通过GPS水平速度场拟合的实例对改进方法进行验证,并与原方法的结果进行比较。结果表明,改进方法拟合效果稳定,拟合精度和泛化能力较原方法均有明显提高。     

Three-Dimensional V P and V P /V S Structure in the Longtan Reservoir Area by Local Earthquake Tomography

High-resolution three-dimensional V _P and V _P /V _S images in the Longtan reservoir area were obtained from local earthquake data by using 3,178 events with total 24,153 P-wave and 23,987 S-wave arrivals collected from 23 seismic stations. The tomographic images show that significant V _P heterogeneities can be seen at layers of different depth in the Longtan reservoir area. Low-V _P anomalies both beneath and around the main rivers in the reservoir area may be related to the composition of rocks which are mainly deposit carbonate and arenaceous shale, which contributes to water saturation. We deduced that the high porosity rocks beneath the main rivers may be fully saturated with water. The phenomenon that V _P is relatively high in the area which is 10–20?km away from the rivers indicates that horizontal saturation of water is limited within a small range of area that is about 10–20?km from the main rivers. The characteristic is significant that seismicity in the Longtan reservoir area is coincident with the distribution of the low-V _P area. V _P /V _S tomographic images show that V _P /V _S ranges from 1.8 to 2.05 in shallow layers above 4?km depth beneath the Longtan reservoir, suggesting the properties of the rocks are limestone and shale. At the depth of 7?km, the distribution of V _P /V _S image varies quite remarkably, especially in the dam area. This demonstrates that the range of influence by the saturation of water in the media below the reservoir surface can reach 4–7?km depth in the dam area.     

利用尾波包络线反演方法研究2003年大姚地震震中区下方地壳的非均匀结构

以单次散射模型、球形辐射源、一维线性速度模型为基础计算理论包络线,通过尾波归一化方法把理论与观测包络线结合起来形成非线性方程组,用迭代最小二乘方法反演大姚震区的散射系数空间分布.结果显示,MS6.2和MS6.1地震序列的主震和余震基本都分布在高散射系数区内.MS6.2地震序列震源深度在研究区中部向下弯曲绕过低散射系数区,在深度剖面上呈弧形分布;震源深度较浅的MS6.1地震序列向北西、南东方向的扩展终止于两端的低散射系数区.大姚强震区10km深度上的高散射系数条带沿震源断层分布,暗示了震区下方断层破碎带的存在.     

利用天然地震研究地壳Q值的方法和进展

从地震波衰减品质因子(Q值)的含义及其研究意义出发,介绍了国内外利用天然地震的体波、尾波、Lg波开展地壳介质品质因子Q值研究的方法和动态,阐述了各种方法的方法原理及应用范围等,并展望了利用天然地震研究介质Q值的趋势。     

地震视应力在地震预测中的应用

选取1999年7月——2005年4月云南省数字地震台网记录到的中小地震数字化波形资料, 在假设中小地震震源位移谱符合omega;2模型的基础上,利用震源位移谱低频水平与拐角频率计算得到了1 020次中小地震的视应力值. 研究发现,在云南地区,地震视应力具有较好的预测意义, 中小地震的视应力值超过0.9 MPa, 可以作为预测该地区未来可能发生中强地震的一个参考指标. 其相应的地震预报能力评分R值具有较高的置信度.      

New paleomagnetic evidences of paleogene tectonic rotation of the Qaidam Basin and adjacent region: mechanism and its tectonic implication

In order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin. The authors carried out a paleomagnetic study on 39 samples of 7 sites from Hongsanhan section, northwest Qaidam Basin. Stepwise thermo-demagnetization isolated a high-temperature component (HTC), which passes the fold and reversal tests at 95% confidence level. It suggests that the HTC should be primary. Unblocking temperature (about 685℃) and the experiment of isothermal remanence indicate that hematite is the mainly carrier of the remanence. A tilt-corrected mean direction is: Ds=7.1°, Is=38.5°, α95=7.4°. Corresponding to a palaeopole at, φ＝250.1°E, λ＝72.0°N, A95=6.8°, Compared with the reference APWP of Eurasia, the sampling area occurred a non-significant rotation (3.4°±5.5°) relative to Eurasia since Eocene due to the affect of left-lateral Altyn fault, Based on the paleomagnetic results of early Cretaceous and Teritary within the Qaidam block, we can obtained the mean clockwise rotations from the samples deposited from 160 Ma to 45 Ma is 24.5°±9.0°, and from 38 Ma to present is -0.5°±7.5° relative to present geomagnetism respectively. During the Mid Eocene (45～38 Ma) rotation phase, there should existing an important early tectonic event in northern part of the present-day Tibetan Plateau, which probably represents one of large-scale strike-slip events of the Altyn strike-slip fault.     

考虑卡尔曼滤波伪观测值的Helmert方差分量估计及其在GPS/BDS组合PPP中的应用

在GPS/BDS组合PPP中,引入基于卡尔曼滤波的Helmert方差分量估计来确定PPP中各类观测值的权重,针对卡尔曼滤波预报值权阵与观测值权阵验前单位方差不一致的情况,将卡尔曼滤波预报值作为伪观测值,与观测值一并进行Helmert方差分量估计处理。实验证明,该方法能够在合理确定当前历元各类观测值权重的基础上,有效平衡观测信息与预报信息对参数估计的贡献,可显著改善GPS/BDS组合PPP的收敛速度与定位精度。     

基于NGA强震数据的地震动显著持时研究

持时对工程场地或构筑物的非线性地震响应存在显著影响,但目前有关地震动持时的研究相对振幅与频谱的研究较少。本文基于太平洋地震工程中心的NGA-East强震数据库和NGA-West2强震数据库的地震动记录,对5%～95%显著持时进行了研究。分析了地震动两分量时程的显著持时差异及差异产生的原因,进而探讨了显著持时定义自身的缺陷。借助考虑随机效应的多参数非线性回归给出了NGA-East和NGA-West2数据的5%～95%显著持时的预测公式,可在适用的震级和断层距范围内为估计构造稳定区和构造活跃区的显著持时提供参考。