Land-use development in Liaocheng prefecture of China after 1949

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｕｓｅｒｅｌａｔｅｓｔｏｈｕｍａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍａｎｉｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌａｎｄａｎｄｌａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｅｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｔｏｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｌｉｖｉｎｇｄｅｍａｎｄｓｏｆｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｆｏｒｆｏｏｄ,ｆｕｅｌ,ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒ,ｅｔｃ.Ｌａｎｄｕｓｅ/ｌａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅｓａｒｅｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒｔｓｏｆｇｌｏｂａｌｗａｒｍｉｎｇ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｇａｐｏｆｉｎｔｅｇｒａ…     

兼容多源数据的森林湿地信息提取和比较分析

针对以光谱特征差异为依据,提取森林湿地信息精度低的问题,该文采用兼容多源数据的分类回归树(CART)提取方法,并以大沾河国家森林湿地进行实证研究。基于Landsat8遥感数据、Radarsat-2极化雷达数据和地形辅助数据,采用SPM软件分别构建3种特征变量组合的CART决策树模型,并获取分类规则,最后根据规则对研究区的森林湿地信息进行提取。结果表明:3种特征变量组合中,兼容光谱、纹理、雷达与地形辅助数据的CART决策树的森林湿地信息提取精度最高,用户精度和制图精度分别达到了88.46%和82.14%。研究结果体现了雷达数据与地形辅助数据有助于提取森林湿地信息。     

汞、镉、锌和锰对日本对虾仔虾的急性毒性

在恒温和充气条件下,研究了Ｈｇ６２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋对日本对虾仔虾的急性致毒效应。结果表明,Ｈｇ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋对日本对虾仔虾的毒性顺序为Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｄ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｍｎ＾２＋。根据重金属日本对虾仔虾的９６ｈＬＣ５０值计算的Ｈｇ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋的安全浓度分别为０．００１２,０．０３４２,０．０４４９,０．０９５０ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３。     

Research advances in passive microwave remote sensing of surface freeze-thaw state北大核心CSCD

Soil freeze-thaw cycles have important effects on surface water and energy balance,and then affect vegetation growth,soil water content,carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem. Passive microwave plays an important role in monitoring global and regional surface freeze-thaw processes due to its high temporal resolution,abundant data and sensitivity to soil moisture. With the launch of passive microwave sensors at home and abroad,it provides conditions for the study of permafrost interannual variation,seasonal variation,diurnal variation and long time series of near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycle. In recent years,the study of surface freeze-thaw cycle using passive microwave data has gradually increased. Based on previous studies,this paper summarizes the types of passive microwave remote sensing data and the characteristics of the bands contained in them. Expounded the principle of passive microwave monitoring data used for freezing and thawing,focus on passive microwave data in five categories in the study of freezing and thawing monitoring algorithms,including double index algorithm,the decision tree algorithm,freeze-thaw discriminant algorithm,seasonal threshold algorithm and based on the freezing L-band relative factors discriminant algorithm threshold,and analysis of 5 kinds of algorithms are compared;The freeze-thaw products based on different algorithms and passive microwave data were combed. Finally,the problems and future research directions of passive microwave remote sensing in surface freeze-thaw applications are summarized. In the acquisition of passive microwave data,it is found that the passive microwave data is missing due to the physical characteristics of the sensor,the shape and orbit of the earth,and the low resolution of passive microwave data leads to the low precision of freeze-thaw discrimination. For the problem of missing passive microwave data,it is proposed to use the average value of passive microwave data before and after two days to fill the missing brightness temperature data,or establish statistical function to complement the missing data. For the problem of low passive microwave resolution,the current development trend is to scale down based on passive microwave data and combine with multiple data products,such as ground temperature and active microwave data,or perform probability discrimination on surface freezing-thawing state in pixels,so as to better describe surface freeze-thaw state. In terms of the algorithm for discriminating surface freezing-thawing,based on the problem that dual-index algorithm,decision tree algorithm,freezing-thawing discriminant algorithm and seasonal threshold algorithm cannot accurately distinguish snow and frozen soil,this paper proposes to adopt the method of data assimilation or start from the snow radiation and frozen soil dielectric model. Optimization of the algorithm for the snow covered surface can further improve the accuracy of freeze-thaw classification. Based on existing freeze-thaw products,Although SMAP freeze-thaw products continue to be updated,SAMP satellite was launched late,and SAMP freeze-thaw products have a short time series. In the future,the time span of this algorithm for freezing-thawing products can be extended by combining L-band data provided by SMOS satellite. The problems mentioned above and the direction of further research are of great significance for improving the accuracy of freezing and thawing discrimination and improving the understanding of the variation law of freezing and thawing cycles,and also have certain research space. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

东北冻土区积雪深度时空变化遥感分析

积雪作为冰冻圈的重要组成部分,对地面有保温作用,在消融时又吸收热量降低地面温度,影响冻土发育,对气候的变化十分敏感。利用微波遥感数据1979-2014年逐日中国雪深长时间序列数据集,采用GIS空间分析和地学统计方法,分析了东北冻土区积雪深度的时空变化规律及其异常变化。结果表明,东北冻土区多年平均雪深为2.92 cm,年平均雪深最高值出现在岛状多年冻土区,最低值出现在季节冻土区。东北冻土区年平均积雪深度变化以减少为主,占区域面积的39.77%,减少速率为0.07 cm·（10a）^-1。东北冻土区年平均积雪深度在1986年发生突变,开始出现减少的趋势,这与气温突变年份较为吻合。受地形和气温变化影响,年平均积雪深度减少的敏感区域主要发生在岛状多年冻土区。气温是影响东北冻土区年平均积雪深度变化最主要的因素,降水量、风速、湿度、日照时数对积雪深度均有影响。季节冻土区积雪深度对气候的敏感性要大于多年冻土区。     

Scandium geochemistry of phosphorites, Guizhou, Southwest China

Geochemical characteristics of scandium are described with respect to its source,evolution and correlation with REE as observed in Late Sinian and Early Cambrian phosphorites and tuffs in Guizhou.Gomparison of chondrite-nomalized REE patterns and some other parameters between the phosphorite and tuff shows that scandium and REE are most likely to have been derived from earlier or contemporaneous marine volcanics or tuffs,with no indication of genetic link to the purple shales,silstones and dolomites in the area.The conditions under which the Sc-bearin phosphorites were formed are discussed in the light of sulfur isotopes and Eh-Ph constrains.     

中国地理科学的国家需求与发展战略

中国未来的产业优化与升级、农业发展、高技术产业发展、国际贸易、城市化、人口健康、资源综合利用和社会可持续发展、能源结构优化、环境改善、国家安全都需要地理学做出贡献。为此,中国地理学要以国家需求为导向,解决国家发展中的重大地理学问题;要加强基础研究,在若干主攻方向上占领国际学术前沿阵地;要充分发挥我国的地理优势,发展具有中国特色的地理科学;要整合和提升已有基础,造就优秀地理学家群体;要建立地理研究的高新技术体系,建成世界一流的地理研究和实验基地;产出具有世界影响的地理科学成果。未来中国地理学的战略重点是：以综合的观点和学科交叉的方式研究地球表层系统的演变及其动态机制,创新理论体系;在方法上发扬地理学综合方法和区域研究方法,开拓格局与过程耦合的技术路线,发展地球信息科学与“数字地球”,发展地理实验;组织科技攻关：加强第一手数据的获取;要在国土整治研究、区域可持续发展研究、全球变化及其区域响应研究、地理信息应用研究等应用方向与技术上取得突破。为了发展中国地理科学,需要在政策与社会、投入、教育、组织等方面提供保障。     

黑龙江扎龙湿地不同功能区浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系

为研究黑龙江扎龙湿地不同功能区浮游植物群落结构分布及其与环境因子的关系,于2010年7—8月在扎龙湿地4个功能区340个研究点进行水环境样品采集分析.样品共鉴定出浮游植物6门80属354种,各门类细胞密度变化范围为0.06×10~6~37.82×10~6cells/L.主要优势种为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、旋转囊裸藻(Trachelomonas volvocina)等.各功能区浮游植物优势种差异较大,核心区中放射舟形藻(Navicula radiosa)、弯棒杆藻(Rhopalodia gibba)、扁圆卵形藻(Cocconeis placentula)等为优势种类,而排污区中梅尼小环藻、普通小球藻、巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princes)、固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azotica)等处于优势地位.主成分分析表明在扎龙湿地水环境中浊度和总磷浓度是影响浮游植物生长的主要因素,典范对应分析结果表明总氮浓度、总磷浓度、电导率、浊度对浮游植物属种分布影响较大,梅尼小环藻、箱形桥弯藻(Cymbella cistula)、美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa)、普通小球藻、旋转囊裸藻等受环境因子的影响较为明显.     

海洋一号C卫星海岸带成像仪在轨几何定标

海洋一号C卫星（HY-1C）搭载的海岸带成像仪（coastal zone imager,CZI）为满足大幅宽成像需求,采用双相机组合成像,每台相间使用2片4色电荷耦合光敏元器件（charge-coupled device,CCD）拼接。从严密几何成像模型出发,对相机成像过程中存在的系统误差进行分析,采用一种基于探元指向角的几何定标模型,并结合CZI相机设计特点与几何特性,设计出一套针对HY-1C/CZI的几何定标方案。首先利用CZI参考基准波段影像与高精度参考影像进行绝对几何定标,采用分步迭代的方法对参考基准波段影像内外定标参数进行解算,其次进行波段间相对几何定标,最后得到所有波段影像的几何定标结果。实验结果表明,经在轨几何定标后,平面无控定位精度优于5个像元,影像几何质量得到明显改善,说明所采用的定标模型和方案合理有效。