Multiple Time-scale Characteristics of Runoff Variations in Middle Reaches of Huolin River and Their Effects

The Huolin River is one of the most important water sources for Xianghai wetland, Horqin wetland, and Chaganhu wetland in the western Songnen Plain of Northeast China. The annual runoff series of 46 years at Baiyun- hushuo Hydrologic Station, which is located in the middle reaches of the Huolin River, were analyzed by using wavelet analysis. Main objective was to discuss the periodic characteristics of the runoff, and examine the temporal patterns of the Huolin River recharging to the floodplain wetlands in the lower reaches of the river, and the corresponding effects of recharging variation on the environmental evolution of the wetlands. The results show that the annual runoff varied mainly at three time scales. The intensities of periodical signals at different time scales were strongly characterized by local distribution in its time frequency domain. The interdecadal variation at a scale of more than 30yr played a leading role in the temporal pattern of runoff variation, and at this scale, the runoff at Baiyunhushuo Hydrologic Station varied in turn of flood, draught and flood. Accordingly, the landscape of the floodplain wetlands presented periodic features, es- pecially prominent before the 1990s. Compared with intense human activities, the runoff periodic pattern at middle (10-20yr) and small (1-10yr) scales, which has relatively low energy, exerted unobvious effects on the environmental evolution of the floodplain wetlands, especially after the 1990s.     

Land cover classification with multi-source data using evidential reasoning approach

Land cover classification is the core of converting satellite imagery to available geographic data.However,spectral signatures do not always provide enough information in classification decisions.Thus,the application of multi-source data becomes necessary.This paper presents an evidential reasoning (ER) approach to incorporate Landsat TM imagery,altitude and slope data.Results show that multi-source data contribute to the classification accuracy achieved by the ER method,whereas play a negative role to that...     

热带和副热带环流对东亚低纬度冬季风强度影响

东亚冬季风具有南北一致变化和南北反相变化两种主要模态。与第一模态反映的南北贯穿的冬季风整体强弱变化不同,第二模态体现了低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化不依赖于中高纬度（中国北方地区）冬季风强弱、甚至与之相反的变化状态。本文利用经验正交函数分析、相关分析、偏相关分析等方法重点研究了在第二模态背景下,低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化对应的热带和副热带环流异常特征。研究发现:热带辐合带是影响低纬度冬季风的一个重要系统。当热带辐合带加强并向北推进时,热带西太平洋及南海地区对流上升运动相应加强。这一上升支可能强迫出低层偏北风异常,从而引起低纬度冬季风加强。此外,副热带高空急流是影响低纬度冬季风的另一个重要系统。急流轴上风速加强会造成入口区准地转偏北风的异常,它强迫出的正次级环流也会相应加强,对应急流北侧的异常下沉和南侧的异常上升,并促使低层产生偏北风异常,也即促进了低纬度冬季风加强。进一步考察热带辐合带对流活动和副热带急流风速异常对低纬度冬季风的独立和协同影响发现,前者的影响相对更为重要。而在二者同时增强的综合作用下,可引起中国南部35°N以南地区的偏北风异常显著增强,反之亦然。上述结果揭示,冬季低纬度风场的变化不仅受到北方冷空气爆发的影响,它还受制于热带、副热带环流系统异常的共同调控作用。     

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

Morphology and life history of a brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) were investigated from 2005 to 2009 in the coastal waters of Dalian, China. The erect thalli collected in the field were tubular, hollow, and commonly constricted at intervals. Ascocysts were presented. Plurilocular gametangia, which were positioned in continuous sori on the erect thallus surface, produced biflagellar gametes. Gametophytes were dioecious and gametes were nearly isogamous. Gametes fusion occurred in three types. Type one, female and male gametes fused directly while swimming; type two, female gamete settled first, with which a male one contacted and fused rapidly; type three, while settling adjacently, a male gamete’s entire protoplast moved slowly into the previously settled female one, with only an empty cell membrane left. In culture zygotes developed into crustose sporophytes that formed unilocular sporangia. Biflagellar zoospores developed into erect thalli that formed plurilocular gametangia. The results indicated that a periodical heteromorphic alternation history with haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation exists in S. lomentaria of the Dalian populations.     

北天山博乐盆地南缘勒塔干褶皱晚第四纪构造变形

研究天山地区活动逆冲断裂、褶皱对于认识整个天山再生造山带的隆升和地震危险性评估具有重要意义。以天山北麓博乐盆地南缘库松木楔克断裂东段勒塔干褶皱为研究对象,通过无人机航拍提取高精度DEM和野外实地调查结果,将勒塔干背斜东部迪里克河附近的洪积扇分为5期,从新到老分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5。其中,T4洪积扇完整记录了褶皱的变形历史,其后翼褶皱陡坎高度为（8.1±0.6）m。自T4洪积扇废弃以来,勒塔干断层的滑移量为（33.0±2.6）m。T3洪积扇仅发育在迪里克河出水口处,即勒塔干背斜北侧,（16.9±0.2）m的断层陡坎高度揭示了自T3洪积扇废弃以来,控制背斜形成的逆断层发生了21.4～21.7 m的滑动。通过与相邻地区洪积扇期次进行对比,认为T4洪积扇的废弃年龄为（74.01±6.14）ka,勒塔干背斜下断坡晚第四纪滑动速率为（0.45±0.05）mm/a,勒塔干褶皱晚第四纪地壳缩短速率为（0.37±0.04）mm/a。     

地球重力场及其地学应用研究进展——2020中国地球科学联合学术年会专题综述

地球重力场及其地学应用是地球科学领域的重要内容之一,在国家基础测绘、灾害监测、资源勘探、地表圈层耦合作用和航空航天等方面等都具有不可替代的重要作用.近年来,随着重力场观测技术的不断革新,重力测量以及相应的理论、方法及应用的发展迅速,取得了丰硕的研究成果.2020年中国地球科学联合学术年会重力场专题报告(包括42个口头报告和10个张贴报告)就是这些成果的集中展示.基于年会重力场专题报告内容,综述了我国近年来在地球重力场及其地学应用方面的最新研究进展.     

国家重力计量参考网的初步建立研究

重力加速度的计量有着非常重要的作用,不仅体现在计量科学和防震减灾等基础研究领域,还体现在压力、测力、衡器和大地测量等专业的实际应用领域.2016-2020年,中国计量科学研究院承担并实施了"重力计量专题服务"项目,项目组远赴西藏、新疆和香港等地区,顺利完成了50余个站点重力加速度的量值传递,初步建立了国家重力计量参考网.以后将进一步完善国家重力计量参考网.     

上海南汇WSR-88D双偏振天气雷达的生物 回波识别与分析

为识别我国新一代天气雷达的生物回波,研究长江中下游地区天气雷达观测到的生物迁飞发生发展规律,选取上海南汇WSR-88D双偏振天气雷达2018年春季的观测数据,应用反射率因子Z、双程差分相位Φ_(DP)、0延迟相关系数ρ_(HV)等雷达物理量和反射率因子纹理SD(Z)、差分相位纹理SD(Φ_(DP))等反映观测值小尺度数值变化的参量,用Python语言设计基于模糊逻辑算法的雷达回波分类程序识别生物回波,识别结果以生物回波采样点的生成时间(世界时)为横坐标,分析了2018年春季上海南汇天气雷达生物回波识别结果的日变化特点,讨论了降水、风及温度等气象条件对生物迁飞的影响。结果表明,S波段天气雷达无法分辨生物单体,但在春季有大规模生物迁飞的时段能够对昆虫成层定向迁飞的现象进行有效识别,3月生物迁飞活动强度较弱,4月和5月回波强度显著增强。地物回波(超折射回波)在雷达低仰角观测中,对有效识别生物迁飞回波尤其具有阻碍性。为此,在原有算法的基础上,用标准化频率直方图对迁飞现象明显时段的数据中生物回波点的以上4个变量观测值进行概率统计,揭示生物回波与地物(超折射)回波雷达物理量之间的差异。     

Current state of knowledge regarding the world’s wetlands and their future under global climate change: a synthesis

Wetlands cover at least 6 % of the Earth’s surface. They play a key role in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, harbour a large part of the world’s biodiversity, and provide multiple services to humankind. However, pressure in the form of land reclamation, intense resource exploitation, changes in hydrology, and pollution threaten wetlands on all continents. Depending on the region, 30–90 % of the world’s wetlands have already been destroyed or strongly modified in many countries with no sign of abatement. Climate change scenarios predict additional stresses on wetlands, mainly because of changes in hydrology, temperature increases, and a rise in sea level. Yet, intact wetlands play a key role as buffers in the hydrological cycle and as sinks for organic carbon, counteracting the effects of the increase in atmospheric CO₂. Eight chapters comprising this volume of Aquatic Sciences analyze the current ecological situation and the use of the wetlands in major regions of the world in the context of global climate change. This final chapter provides a synthesis of the findings and recommendations for the sustainable use and protection of these important ecosystems.