河南商城—固始地区石炭系沉积环境及其构造意义

根据沉积相分析,同时综合分析区域地质资料,笔者提出河南商城－固始地区石炭系及安徽金寨地区梅山群为典型前陆磨拉石含煤建造,其沉积相主要为滨海、潮坪、泻湖、局限台地及砾质辫状河－冲积扇相,代表了统一的石炭纪一二叠纪合肥弧后前陆盆地的南部边缘相,说明大别地块（北大别弧）于早古生代晚期－晚古生代早期即与华北板块碰扪结成一体。     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.     

大同地区典型沙尘天气过程近地层气象要素演变特征的对比分析

利用2009年3月-2010年3月大同国家基准气候站20m气象梯度塔的风向、风速、气温、相对湿度的观测资料及PM10质量浓度数据、气溶胶散射系数数据,分析大同地区典型沙尘天气过程近地层气象要素演变特征。结果表明,风速在沙尘暴、扬沙的发生、发展过程中均较大,浮尘较小。气温在沙尘暴期间受冷空气的影响迅速减小,而在扬沙和浮尘天气条件下温度的变化主要取决于长短波辐射的强弱和沙尘气溶胶的辐射强迫。相对湿度在沙尘暴期间基本上呈递增态势,结束后比发生前相对湿度增大,在扬沙和浮尘天气条件下,相对湿度与温度完全呈现出反相关关系,且相对湿度均较小。PM10质量浓度在沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘天气条件下依次递减。沙尘暴期间气溶胶散射系数明显增大。     

Quantitative proteomics provides insight into the response of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense to changes in ambient phosphorus

Dinoflagellates are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms in the global ocean and they usually form blooms under conditions of very low dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP). However, the mechanisms underpinning the dinoflagellate blooms remain unclear. Here, we quantitatively compared protein expression profiles of a marine dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum donghaiense, grown in inorganic P-replete, P-deficient, and DIP-and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)-resupplied conditions by employ...     

塔里木盆地二叠纪基性岩带的确定及大地构造意义

通过野外地质、钻井地质、地球物理和同位素地质的综合调查研究，确定了盆地内部存在一条三叠纪基性岩带。该基性岩带包含有玄武岩、辉绿岩和其他基性侵入岩；它们的同位素年代为（259±09）Ma-（292。0±0．5）Ma。玄武岩、辉绿岩的岩石学、岩石化学和地球化学研究表明，它们表现出典型的板内基性岩的特征。结合盆地内部晚古生代的沉积学特征和周边的大地构造特征，认为该基性岩带是二叠纪裂谷作用的产物。在二叠纪，塔里木盆地处于克拉通内部裂谷环境。     

超大海洋保护区建设利弊分析

近年来,海洋保护区被不断的"巨型化",这一方面显示了国际社会对海洋保护的重视;另一方面,这股建设超大海洋保护区的浪潮也受到了很多科学工作者的质疑和批判。文章通过分析整理国内外相关文献,结合目前全球几个著名的超大海洋保护区案例,评价建设超大海洋保护区的利弊,并总结出我国海洋保护区建设可借鉴的经验。     

辽宁古生物化石特征与保护利用模式分析

辽宁拥有丰富的古生物化石资源,它们在中国乃至世界范围内具有较高知名度,具有非常高的科研、科普和社会经济价值。根据近年来辽宁古生物化石资源的调查成果资料,对辽宁古生物化石的类型、时空分布规律等进行总结研究,并分析了辽宁古生物地质遗迹的保护利用现状,对其保护和利用模式进行分析探讨。提出了化石保护与利用多元化发展模式,并挖掘化石的最大优势,对化石资源研学旅行开发进行探讨和设计,以化石文化为依托打造化石衍生文创产品。对古生物化石特征的总结以及对保护利用模式的探讨,能够为辽宁古生物化石的深入研究工作提供基础材料,为辽宁的古生物化石产业发展提供思路。     

New insights into the occurrence of the catastrophic Zhaiban slope debris flow that occurred in a dry valley in the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China

Landslides - In 2019, the catastrophic Zhaiban slope debris flow (ZSDF) crushed an open road tunnel in Ganluo County, Sichuan Province, China, causing seven deaths and interrupting traffic flow for...     

不同铁、氮转化功能微生物对Fe(Ⅱ)化学氧化的响应

在地下水位波动带、地表水-地下水交互带等氧化还原变化区域,O₂会与Fe（II）发生反应产生活性氧,如·OH、·O₂-、H₂O₂等.这些活性氧具有生物毒性,可能对微生物的存活产生影响,而不同的功能微生物对Fe（II）化学氧化产生活性氧的响应可能不同.为了验证这一科学假设,选取了一种Fe（II）氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002（strain 2002）和两种氨氧化细菌Rhodococcus sp.（A1）和Arthrobacter oxydans（A2）作为模式菌种,并与铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1（MR-1）对比,研究了Fe（II）化学氧化过程中微生物数量、细胞结构的变化,通过淬灭实验探究了活性氧的贡献.结果表明,不同功能微生物对Fe（II）化学氧化的响应截然不同.0.2 mmol/L Fe（II）氧化60 min后,MR-1数量下降了1.61个数量级,A1和A2分别下降了0.74和1.37个数量级,而strain 2002的存活几乎不受Fe（II）氧化的影响.透射电镜观察结果显示,MR-1、A1和A2菌细胞的外膜受到了不同程度的破坏,而strain 2002完好无损.淬灭实验结果表明,溶液中和胞内生成的活性氧是造成功能微生物死亡的原因,但是不同微生物由于对Fe（II）的吸附性能和对活性氧的抵御能力不同,因而对活性氧的响应机制不同.该研究结果对于诠释现代环境氧化还原变化区域微生物群落演化及地球史上氧气大爆发事件的生物地球化学过程具有重要的借鉴意义.