基于无人机遥感的潮沟分异与植被及地形关系研究

潮沟作为陆海之间的重要物质、能量、信息交换通道,其发育情况将决定潮滩上植被群落生长和演替的方向,同时植被的生长也将影响潮沟的发育和地形的演变。为了研究江苏盐城滨海湿地潮滩植被类型分布和其对潮沟发育的影响,在无人机技术支持下,通过反演潮滩地形高程模型和提取植被信息,对条子泥南部潮滩进行了观测。结果表明：（1）随着互花米草群落的扩张,潮滩原有盐沼植被群落出现了斑块萎缩的现象;（2）随着潮沟向内陆延伸,其沟底逐渐被互花米草占据,互花米草呈现明显的沿潮沟分布;（3）潮沟两侧有沿岸堤出现,互花米草对潮沟及附近滩面的地形有抬升的作用。由此可以看出,潮沟的发育将加速互花米草的入侵,且其入侵可改变潮滩原有地形和植被类型组成。这有利于进一步认识潮沟在潮滩上发育时是如何影响植被种群分布状况,并展现了植被分布对于潮沟发育的反作用,为当地互花米草的治理和无人机技术在其中的运用提供一定参考意见。     

扬子地块西南缘前寒武纪铜多金属矿床及成矿系列

文章在分析扬子地块西南缘与前寒武纪铜多金属矿床成矿特征及与有关的重大地质事件的基础上,研究了区域成矿作用与重大地质事件的响应,划分了区域金属成矿系列,较详细地论述了主要成矿系列的组成及成矿规律,总结了扬子地块西南缘前寒武纪铜多金属矿床及成矿系列。认为本区成矿作用属于多期次成矿,至少可以分为前期预富集作用及两次大的成矿作用(古元古代成矿作用和中元古代成矿作用),以及若干个小的成矿作用;1.7Ga—1.5Ga、1.1Ga—1.0Ga、中新生代是3次规模、强度较大的铜矿成矿作用,形成了研究区内规模较大的诸多铜多金属矿床。     

大型坳陷湖盆“洪水—河漫湖”沉积——以干旱背景下的松南泉四段为例

本文建立了一种干旱背景下坳陷湖盆全新的沉积充填模式,即"洪水—河漫湖"沉积模式。在干旱背景下,物源区的河流主要表现为季节性的洪水,大多数河流都消失在荒漠中,河水主要以地表蒸发、植被生态消耗、地下渗流、河流终端湖以及河漫湖等形式排泄,坳陷湖盆内并未形成统一大面积的汇水中心和湖相沉积。这种背景条件下,湖盆的沉积充填特征明显不同于经典的坳陷湖盆和浅水湖盆沉积。下白垩统泉头组四段沉积时期,松辽盆地具有气候干旱、地势平坦、生物单调贫乏等特征,盆地南部存在5大沉积体系及7条主要的水系。除在盆地西部古龙凹陷地区河流汇水形成小范围浅水湖泊外,在盆地南部主要为"洪水—河漫湖"的河流相沉积。坳陷湖盆"洪水—河漫湖"沉积具有以下特点:①全盆地没有统一的汇水中心,因而缺乏大面积分布的湖相和三角洲沉积;②河流表现为季节性的洪水,部分河流由于地形变缓,并未进入汇水中心,而是消失在荒漠中,河流相为盆地沉积充填的主要类型;③湖盆具有多物源、多漫湖、满盆含砂的沉积特点;④河漫湖与河流在空间分布上存在3种关系,即河流终止于河漫湖、河流穿过河漫湖、河流绕过河漫湖等。坳陷湖盆"洪水—河漫湖"是一种中—新生代陆相坳陷湖盆沉积充填的新模式,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

铜陵冬瓜山矿床深部斑岩型矿化特征及其与矽卡岩型矿化的关系

冬瓜山铜矿床是铜陵矿集区狮子山矿田中的主要矿床,对于该矿床中斑岩型成矿作用的研究缺乏。本文对冬瓜山矿床深部是否存在斑岩型矿体、斑岩型矿化特征及其与层状矽卡岩型矿化的关系等问题开展研究。冬瓜山矿床深部具有斑岩型矿化的蚀变类型和蚀变分带特征,矿化可分为钾硅酸盐阶段和石英硫化物阶段两个成矿阶段,斑岩型蚀变分带在空间上向外与矽卡岩化带过渡。斑岩型矿化的石英闪长岩形成年龄为140 Ma,与上部层状矽卡岩型矿化相关的石英/辉石二长闪长岩应为同期闪长质岩浆形成。深部斑岩型矿化的成矿流体具有由高温向中温演化的特点,与浅部层状矽卡岩型矿化的成矿流体具有相似的演化趋势,二者的成矿流体应该为一个热液系统,深部岩体内部流体演化形成斑岩型矿化,而接触带部位流体演化形成矽卡岩型矿化。     

Multi-directional efficiency analysis-based regional industrial environmental performance evaluation of China

This study evaluates the environmental efficiency of industrial sectors of Chinese major cities. The multi-directional efficiency analysis (MEA) approach is utilized for evaluation; thus, both the integrated MEA efficiency levels and the efficiency patterns, which are represented by the variable-specific MEA efficiency according to each type of the industrial pollutant emission or discharge, of Chinese major city are detected. In addition, the industrial energy conservation and pollutant reduction potentials are measured, and the relationship between environmental pressure and income is explored at the regional level of China. The main findings include the following: (1) The MEA environmental efficiency increases in the economically less developed cities were faster than the cities in the well-developed region, which indicates that the inequitable nationwide industrial developments of Chinese cities have started to alleviate. (2) Although some Chinese cities show similar environmental efficiency levels, the undesirable output variable-specific efficiency patterns of these cities are diversified, and according to the variable-specific efficiency, the most possible efficiency increase potential of each Chinese major city can be identified. (3) An N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exists in the industrial sectors of Chinese major cities. (4) Different Chinese cities should have different industrial pollutant reduction priorities: East China cities should pay more attention to their industrial waste gas emissions and industrial waste water discharges, while west China cities should mainly focus on their industrial soot and dust emissions, and solid waste discharges.

     

GRAPES_RAFS系统研发

基于GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式的GRAPES_RAFS (Rapid Analysis and Forecast System)系统是一个向前的间歇性同化分析的分析系统,能将多种高时空分辨率的观测资料充分利用起来,同时也是一个不断更新数值预报产品的中尺度数值预报系统.本文从该系统的结构、流程所涉及的各技术环节进行阐述,通过与业务GRAPES_MESO的预报效果对比分析对该系统的短时临近预报能力以及影响该系统短临预报性能的关键技术进行研究.研究结果表明:利用我国新一代数值预报系统GRAPES模式及GRAPES_3Dvar建立的全国稠密资料快速更新同化分析预报系统(GRAPES_RAFS系统)具有一定短时临近预报能力.同化系统的背景误差协方差准确描述、模式系统动力框架及物理过程精确度的提高能有效提高该系统的预报能力,而局地稠密资料的合理使用是该系统提供高质量预报的另一个关键技术,在资料相对稀少的情况下,该系统的短临预报性能面临严重挑战.     

Study of slope topple mechanism on belt express way around Jilin City

The Slope Program is a complex problem,and the constructive mechanics is the emphasis and difficult point of the slope researching.The research on the slope constructive mechanics takes an important theory and experience role of the stability analysis and preventive methods.On the basis of the field survey of the overturn-slope on the Jilin Belt Highway,the authors analyzed its constructive mechanics,valuated its stability,and showed the treatments of the slope.     

The absolute gravity measurement by FG5 gravimeter at Great Wall Station,Antarctica

Gravity measurement is of great importance to the height datum in Antarctica.The absolute gravity measurement was carried out at Great Wall Station, Antarctica, using FG5 absolute gravity instrument.The gravity data was processed with corrections of earth tide, ocean tide, polar motion and the atmospher, and the RMS is within +3 x 10 -s ms-2.The vertical and horizontal gravity gradients were measured using 2 LaCoaste & Romberg (LCR) gravimeters.The absolute gravity measurement provides the fundamental data for the validation and calibration of the satellite gravity projects such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, and for the high accuracy geoid model.