黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平评价

以黑龙江垦区为例,在对其农业现代化水平进行国际比较基础之上,从农业生产现代化、物质装备现代化、经营管理现代化、农业生活现代化、农业环境保护5个方面,构建了黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平的综合评价指标体系。基于熵值法,对2000年以来的黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平进行了综合测度。结果表明,垦区在作物单产、农机装备水平、单位耕地化肥施用量和有机作物种植占比等方面已达到发达国家水平,但在经营规模、农业产业化、农产品加工业等方面差距较大。黑龙江垦区的农业现代化综合水平稳步提高,以农业生产现代化和农业生活现代化的快速演进为主,其次是物质装备现代化和经营管理现代化,农业环境保护水平有所下降,其中各子系统有不同演变特点。因此提出黑龙江垦区尚处于初步实现农业现代化阶段,未来需要进一步加强体制机制改革,攻克现代农业发展中的各种问题,全面实现农业现代化。     

WRM-4型收敛计的研制与现场应用

本文详细介绍 WRM-4型收敛计的测量原理、结构特征、性能指标、误差分析和现场应用效果。     

非法生产、进口和出口水产苗种的法律责任及其完善

为促进我国水产养殖业和水产品贸易的发展,文章梳理我国关于生产、进口和出口水产苗种的相关规定,分析对非法生产、进口和出口水产苗种进行处罚的原因和力度,并提出建议。研究结果表明：水产苗种是重要的渔业资源,具有自身特点和内在规律,我国以法律形式对生产、进口和出口水产苗种进行规定;我国对非法生产、进口和出口水产苗种进行处罚的法律规定较宽泛,建议以法律形式完善水产苗种检疫体系、完善水产苗种许可制度以及规定从轻或减轻处罚条款。     

Study of slope topple mechanism on belt express way around Jilin City

The Slope Program is a complex problem, and the constructive mechanics is the emphasis and difficult point of the slope researching. The research on the slope constructive mechanics takes an important theory and experience role of the stability analysis and preventive methods. On the basis of the field survey of the overturn-slope on the Jilin Belt Highway, the authors analyzed its constructive mechanics, valuated its stability, and showed the treatments of the slope.     

Introduction to the China Jellyfish Project——The Key Processes, Mechanism and Ecological Consequences of Jellyfish Bloom in China Coastal Waters

As a National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China, the Key Processes, Mechanism and Ecological Consequences of Jellyfish Bloom in China Coastal Waters led by Prof.SUN Song from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) was endorsed by the Ministry of Science and Technology.Recently, the kick-off meeting of this five-year (2011-2015) program was held on January 15-16 in Qingdao,China.More than 120 participants attended the meeting.     

Stability analysis and treatment of No. 2 dump of Nanfen iron mine

On the basis of the study on the engineering geological characteristics of No. 2 dump of Nanfen iron mine and the analysis of the failure mode of dump landslide, the stability of the present dump, the stability of the dump 20 years later and the stability of double-bench dump are analyzed. Then, the debris flow risk is evaluated by fuzzy mathematics method. Finally, the comprehensive treatment for the dump is suggested. It is concluded that ① In rainy and snowmelt period, the stability would be decreasing sharply when ground water is not drained out in time; ② Double-bench dumping mode will improve stability of the dump little;③ Debris flow risk is middle danger. The interim debris flow with medium scale may occur. ④ Monitoring, draining and baffling work ought to be well done. ⑤In order to prevent the damage of landslide and debris flow, three measures are adopted, including setting rockfall net, setting the debris flow barrier and removing the residents.     

地下水曝气-砂滤处理产生的废弃石英砂中铁砷含量与形态分布

高铁高砷地下水严重威胁饮水质量,曝气-砂滤法因处理效果好且成本低在农村地区得到广泛应用。砂滤过程石英砂表面富集铁和砷后需定期更换,然而废弃石英砂堆置具有砷释放风险。本文以江汉平原某水厂砂滤池废弃石英砂为研究对象,采用激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)和分步化学提取等手段,研究了砂样中的Fe和As含量及形态分布。结果表明,砂粒表面形成了一层厚度为20100 μm的高铁砷薄层,薄层内部Fe和As含量显著高于两侧,Fe和As分布高度相关(R²=0.985)。砂样表面铁矿物以无定型/弱结晶型为主,同时检出赤铁矿和臭葱石等矿物。砂样中Fe和As总含量分别为20.1 mg/g和53.4 μg/g。砂样表面铁主要以易溶解态、碳酸盐结合态和易还原态为主,As主要吸附在铁矿物上。研究区降雨充沛,当废弃石英砂遭遇雨水冲刷或淹没时,可能导致铁砷薄层中As解吸或随Fe矿物还原溶解而释放。     

林地信息提取与精度评价空间抽样方法研究

正林地是自然资源的重要组成部分,在减缓全球气候变化、维护生态平衡、改善生态环境等方面发挥着重要作用。遥感数据能够在不同尺度范围内开展林地资源的信息探测、目标识别和调查评估等。针对当前林地资源遥感制图的新需求,本文以北京市为例,综合利用MODIS、Landsat TM及各类遥感数据产品,开展了林地信息提取与精度评价空间抽样方法研究,采用林地遥感信息提取方法和遥感分类精度评价的采样点空间布局优化方法,