压剪应力作用下多裂隙岩体的力学特性—断裂损伤演化方程及试验验证

首先对多裂隙岩体的损伤加以定义，在建立裂纹扩展时产生等效次生裂纹模型的基础上，对多裂隙岩体受荷后发生断裂损伤时其演化方程进行探讨，最后通过大型岩体相似模型试验对理论计算结果分析验证，理论计算与试验结果吻合较好。     

Debris flow hazard assessment at Dongmatun Village in Laomao mountainous area of Dalian,Northeast China

After a heavy and continuous rainfall from July 27 to 28, 1981, geological disasters involving large debris flow affected the northern part of Wafangdian City and Pulandian City in Dalian, northeast China, and caused considerable loss of life and property. In recent years, precipitation has continued to increase significantly in Dalian, where the largest debris flow gully, named the Dongmatuncun main ditch, is situated. The Dongmatuncun main ditch is 2 km away from the north side of the right bank of the Fudu River in Wanjialing, Wafangdian City. The geomorphological and hydrological conditions, combined with the characteristics of the debris flow solid source, are conducive to debris flow development. Moreover, with an increase in rainfall, debris flow recurrence becomes increasingly likely. We study the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village by analyzing the formation conditions through field survey. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process are used to evaluate the risk of debris flow. Results indicate that the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village is highly dangerous and debris flow occurs during heavy rainfall. In addition, the breakout of debris flow can threaten human life and property.     

Multi-directional efficiency analysis-based regional industrial environmental performance evaluation of China

This study evaluates the environmental efficiency of industrial sectors of Chinese major cities. The multi-directional efficiency analysis (MEA) approach is utilized for evaluation; thus, both the integrated MEA efficiency levels and the efficiency patterns, which are represented by the variable-specific MEA efficiency according to each type of the industrial pollutant emission or discharge, of Chinese major city are detected. In addition, the industrial energy conservation and pollutant reduction potentials are measured, and the relationship between environmental pressure and income is explored at the regional level of China. The main findings include the following: (1) The MEA environmental efficiency increases in the economically less developed cities were faster than the cities in the well-developed region, which indicates that the inequitable nationwide industrial developments of Chinese cities have started to alleviate. (2) Although some Chinese cities show similar environmental efficiency levels, the undesirable output variable-specific efficiency patterns of these cities are diversified, and according to the variable-specific efficiency, the most possible efficiency increase potential of each Chinese major city can be identified. (3) An N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exists in the industrial sectors of Chinese major cities. (4) Different Chinese cities should have different industrial pollutant reduction priorities: East China cities should pay more attention to their industrial waste gas emissions and industrial waste water discharges, while west China cities should mainly focus on their industrial soot and dust emissions, and solid waste discharges.     

一种基于描述逻辑的空间语义相似性计算方法

语义相似性计算广泛应用在认知心理学和计算机领域。针对地理信息智能发现服务中语义标注的应用需求,面向本体概念描述,提出了一种描述逻辑的空间语义相似性计算方法。该方法首先获取搜索和目标概念及上下文定义;然后进行标准正规化形式转换,创建映射矩阵并建立局部相似性方程;最后构建全局归一化相似性方程。通过领域专家参与实验,验证了该算法符合人类认知并且是可信的。     

金川1号力学试验巷道的设计与施工——喷锚网支护结构在金川高应力破碎岩体中的应用

金川不良岩层中巷道的变形破坏十分严重,是影响金川有色金属公司生产成本和矿山建设的关键所在。多年来,围绕不良岩层中巷道地压的控制管理,金川有色金属公司组织了几十个科研、设计、生产、高校等单位的科技人员进行联合攻关,并取得了不少重大成果。但是,要想真正把握金川不良岩层中地压显现的规律,制定一套有效控制高应力破碎岩体中巷道地压的措施,还有待进一步的深入研究。本文所介绍的“金川1号岩石力学试验巷道的设计与施工”:是采用喷锚网支护结构,利用二次支护方法,制服金川高应力破碎岩体中巷道围岩变形破坏的一个示范。     

Stability analysis and treatment of No.2 dump of Nanfen iron mine

On the basis of the study on the engineering geological characteristics of No.2 dump of Nanfen iron mine and the analysis of the failure mode of dump landslide, the stability of the present dump, the stability of the dump 20 years later and the stability of double-bench dump are analyzed. Then, the debris flow risk is evaluated by fuzzy mathematics method. Finally, the comprehensive treatment for the dump is suggested. It is concluded that ① In rainy and snowmelt period, the stability would be decreasing sharply when ground water is not drained out in time; ② Double-bench dumping mode will improve stability of the dump little; ③ Debris flow risk is middle danger. The interim debris flow with medium scale may occur. ④ Monitoring, draining and baffling work ought to be well done. ⑤ In order to prevent the damage of landslide and debris flow, three measures are adopted, including setting rockfall net, setting the debris flow barrier and removing the residents.     

南美白对虾工厂化养殖成本收益分析 ——以山东省为例

文章借鉴国内外传统模式以及工厂化模式下水产养殖、对虾养殖成本收益分析指标体系的设立方法和相关研究理论,以山东省为例,于2016—2019年实地采集得到样本数据,对南美白对虾工厂化养殖模式下的成本收益进行分析。结果表明：①2016—2019年山东省工厂化养殖南美白对虾的总成本呈波动上升趋势,其中可变成本远高于固定成本;②在成本结构方面,工厂化养殖模式下固定成本中最大支出项为固定资产折旧,设备维修费近年来增长明显,可变成本中饲料费用、水电煤费、虾苗费用为主要成本项,其中饲料费用占比最大且呈持续上升趋势;③2016—2019年山东省南美白对虾工厂化养殖的净利润稍有减少,尤其在2018年经历了断崖式下滑,4年来成本利润率和销售利润率降低,养殖利润水平、盈利水平均有所下降;④2016—2019年净利润对于价格、饲料费用、水电煤费、苗种费用的敏感性依次由高到低,2018年养殖效益较差的情况下各项敏感系数绝对值均有所增加。     

WRM-3型钻孔多点位移计的结构原理与应用

本文介绍WRM-3型钻孔多点位移计的设计思想、量测原理、结构特征及其在坚硬完整岩体和软弱破碎岩体中的实测结果。     

2021年7月17日长江中下游地区β中尺度低涡及其模式预报不确定性分析

2021年7月16—17日,在大尺度鞍型背景场中长江中下游地区生成了准静止的β中尺度低涡系统,造成苏皖地区出现局地特大暴雨及雷暴大风天气。欧洲中心（EC）控制预报对低涡位置的描述较实况明显偏北,由此在降水预报中也呈现出较大偏差,给预报决策带来较大误导。采用EC控制和集合预报产品,并基于“预报挑战度（MFC）”和“可预报性演变指数（PHDX）”等客观方法对低涡及降水预报不确定性进行分析,并在此基础上探讨模式偏差成因,得到以下结论：（1）对流层低层低涡东侧西南气流和东南气流的辐合以及低空急流的水平涡度输送是低涡发展的主要动力因素,而低涡东侧和南侧降水的潜热释放则构成低涡发展的热力因素;（2）EC控制预报不同起报时次均出现低涡位置偏北及雨带预报偏北现象,其集合预报产品离散度无法覆盖实况降水,揭示了此次过程的低可预报性,MFC和PHDX则能够客观指示此次过程低可预报性;（3）前期模式对低涡南侧西南气流南风分量预报偏大及对东侧辐合区刻画偏北造成前期东段降水偏北,而后在潜热释放、低空急流与低涡正反馈机制影响下,偏北的降水区造成低涡进一步预报偏北,最终导致整个时段预报较观测呈现巨大差异。     

台风试验陆地加密观测在数值天气预报中的作用

采用国家气象中心（NMC）有限区同化预报系统（HLAFS）和华北区域分析预报系统（NCAFS）的基本方案,选择“八五”期间台风试验期进行陆地测站特殊加密观测的两个台风个例作数值天气预报（NWP）试验,探讨这些资料在NWP中的作用。试验结果表明:陆地测站加密地面观测资料,对NMC的NWP系统的预报,尤其在较高分辨率情况下,具有较明显的改进作用。