EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION UPON IMAGINARY PART OF REFRACTIVE INDEX OF AEROSOL PARTICLES*

Experimental study is made of the relationship between the imaginary part of refractive index (IRI) of atmospheric aerosol particles and relative humidity,and between IRI and chemical element through the assay of chemical constituents of the particles.Evidence suggests that atmospheric humidity and aerosols' chemical ingredients have great effects on the IRI's and they should thus be considered in the research of the radiation properties of the particles in the atmosphere.     

古大陆再造的回顾与展望

最早的古大陆再造基于大陆轮廓的拼接，古生物区系以及古气候方面资料的对比。20世纪50年代古地磁技术的突破为确定大陆的古地理位置、古陆块0之间的相互关系以及大陆裂解和大洋扩张的历史提供了更有说服力的证据。60年代，板块构造成为古大陆再造的理论基础，由此推动了技术的发展、观念和更新和学科之间的交融。在成图方面，完善了球面坐标系下古大陆移动、拼合的计算机软件；建成了一系列 全球性的古大陆再造基础资料数据库。按照板块构造理论，超级大陆的形成是古大陆拼合的结果，所以对造山带的分析正在成为古大陆再造中最重要的方法，由此也推动了古大陆再造与地质、地球物理、地球化学等多学科理论、技术之间的交叉和集成。主要根据同位素年代学证据和造山带全球性分布的特征，人们推测地质历史上可能发生过多次超级大陆（Supercontinent)或泛大陆（Pangea)聚散事件，但目前对其古地理和构造格局已基本研究清楚的只有古生代的超级大陆冈瓦那（Gondwana)晚古生代一早中生代的泛大陆。90年代初提出的Rodinia超级大陆，尚处于在完善证据和修订模式的阶段。中国古大陆再造研究的主要问题包括：中国古陆块之间的关系，中国古陆块和造山带与冈瓦那大陆及特提斯演化的关系、与欧亚大陆碰增生演化的关系以及最近提出的中国古陆块对全球Rodinaia超级大陆事件的响应等。基于不同的资料和数据，将产生不同的再造模式，因此对观测资料和分析数据的可靠性以及数据解释多解性方面珲应给予更多的重视。现阶段对高质量的年代学、古地磁学以及区域构造解析等方面的取证性研究仍然是很急需的。古大陆聚散研究推动了许多前沿课题的进展，如全球构造背景和地理背景下生物的多样性，超级地幔柱以及巨量岩浆活动与超大陆裂解的关系，地磁场真极移现象，地球雪球化效应和全球构造控制的大型成矿作用等。这些课题促使人们朝着把地球作为一个整体，深入研究地球不同层圈之间的相互作用，以建立完整的系统地球科学理论的研究方向前进。     

A Floating Astronomical Time Scale for the Early Late Cretaceous Continental Strata in the Songliao Basin,Northeastern China

A continuous terrestrial succession was recovered from the Songke-2(SK-2) borehole in the Songliao Basin, Northeastern China. This borehole provides a unique material for further research on the continental paleoclimate during Cretaceous greenhouse period, following a series of achievements of the Songke-1(SK-1) core. In this study, thorium(Th) logging data were chosen as a paleoclimate proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Th series varies quasi-periodically; power spectr...     

基于形态学分析铅锌矿不同功能区土壤重金属元素的分布特征及污染评价

为掌握尤溪铅锌矿区土壤重金属元素分布特征和污染现状,通过采集尤溪铅锌矿不同功能区0~20cm表层土壤样品,测定土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr 5种重金属元素的总量及其化学形态,分析不同功能区土壤重金属污染及分布特征,同时采用次生相与原生相比值法(RSP)进行污染评价。结果表明,尤溪铅锌矿不同功能区土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd含量均超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,废弃冶炼区土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量均最高,分别为标准值的14.78、1.13、3.73、1.34倍,采矿区Cr含量最高,但未超过标准限值。重金属形态结果表明,相比其他元素,Cd弱酸提取态所占比例最高,Cu可交换态比例最高,Pb、Zn、Cr以残渣态为主。RSP法评价表明,不同重金属的污染程度表现为:Cu(1.15)Cd(0.80)Pb(0.59)Zn(0.57)Cr(0.54);不同功能区土壤重金属污染表现为:尾矿库区冶炼区废弃冶炼区采矿区。SPEF法评价表明,尤溪铅锌矿区受人为污染明显,采矿区和尾矿库区Zn污染最为严重,冶炼区和废弃冶炼区Pb污染最为严重,功能区污染顺序为:尾矿库区冶炼区废弃冶炼区采矿区。     

Effects of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

Artificial lighting regimes have been successfully used to inhibit sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon in confinement.However,when these operations are applied in commercial recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) using standard lighting technology,sexual maturation is not suppressed.In this study,an L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to determine the effects of three factors(spectral composition,photoperiod,and light intensity) on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon in RAS.We demonstrated that the photoperiod at the tested levels had a much greater effect on the gonadosomatic index and female Fulton condition factor than spectral composition and light intensity.The photoperiod had a significant effect on the secretion of sex steroids and melatonin(P0.05),and a short photoperiod delayed sex steroid and melatonin level increases.The three test factors had no significant effects on the survival rate,specific growth rate,relative weight gain,and male Fulton condition factor(P0.05).The optimum lighting levels in female and male Atlantic salmon were LD 8:16,455 nm(or 625 nm),8.60 W/m~2;and LD 8:16,8.60 W/m~2,455 nm respectively.These conditions not only delayed gonadal development,but also had no negative effects on Atlantic salmon growth in RAS.These results demonstrate that a combination of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity is effective at delaying the gonadal development of both male and female salmon in RAS.     

蚂蚁属性优化断层识别技术

在地震地质勘探领域,蚂蚁属性越来越普遍地用于断裂系统的快速识别,而在实际应用过程中,基于三维地震数据提取的蚂蚁属性,不论是沿层切片（平面）还是剖面上往往显示杂乱无章,对断裂系统的刻画与地震同相轴的分布特征并不对应,致使实际应用效果较差。针对此普遍存在的现状,研发出一套蚂蚁体断层快速识别的技术系列：首先,根据地质目标,优化蚂蚁属性的终止标准值,应用蚂蚁细线体的信息素二值化技术使蚂蚁体聚焦和收敛;然后,通过断层自动分离对断面的尺度与偏角等参数进行分析,有效定义生成断面的规则及断面间的关系;最终,利用三维可视化平面-立体联立解释技术,直观判断出研究区断裂系统空间分布的合理性,进行断面细化编辑与调整,自动按所需间隔提取断棱数据,从而实现断层的自动追踪解释。通过应用此技术系列,在研究区断裂系统识别,尤其是大尺度断层快速自动追踪方面取得了很好的效果,快速、准确地建立起了研究区断层解释格架。应用蚂蚁属性进行断层识别是一套技术系列,利用典型剖面进行试验、优化计算参数是关键,遵循这一思路计算出的全区蚂蚁属性,才能获得良好的断层识别效果。     

Modeling the scale dependences of topological relations between lines and regions induced by reduction of attributes

The scale dependences of topological relations are caused by the changes of spatial objects at different scales, which are induced by the reduction of attributes. Generally, the detailed partitions and multi-scale attributes are stored in spatial databases, while the coarse partitions are not. Consequently, the detailed topological relations can be computed and regarded as known information, while the coarse relations stay unknown. However, many applications (e.g., multi-scale spatial data query) need to deal with the topological relations at multiple scales. In this study new methods are proposed to model and derive the scale dependences of topological relations between lines and multi-scale region partitions. The scale dependences of topological relations are modeled and used to derive the relations between lines and coarse partitions from the relations about the detailed partitions. The derivation can be performed in two steps. At the first step, the topological dependences between a line and two meeting, covered and contained regions are computed and stored into composition tables, respectively. At the second step, a graph is used to represent the neighboring relations among the regions in a detailed partition. The scale dependences and detailed relations are then used to derive topological relations at the coarse level. Our methods can also be extended to handle the scale dependences of relations about disconnected regions, or the combinations of connected and disconnected regions. Because our methods use the scale dependences to derive relations at the coarse level, rather than generating coarse partition and computing the relations with geometric information, they are more efficient to support scale-dependent applications.     

震后预报的某些研究

通过研究华北北部中强以上地震震后地震活动，地形变、地电阻率、水化学和水位变化特征，给出了各单项方法识别震后效应与新地震异常的标志。为了综合判别震后短临异常变化是震后效应或新异常，研制了一套综合识别计算机程序系统，该系统考虑了已发生的强震序列类型，地震活动背景特征以及强震前后前兆短临异常变化形态，充分利用专家的知识与经验进行推理和判断。通过运行典型事例表明该系统功能较强，使用方便。系统的实现是专家系     

Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm

The exponential growth of natural language text data in social media has contributed a rich data source for geographic information. However, incorporating such data source for GIS analysis faces tremendous challenges as existing GIS data tend to be geometry based while natural language text data tend to rely on natural language spatial relation (NLSR) terms. To alleviate this problem, one critical step is to translate geometric configurations into NLSR terms, but existing methods to date (e.g. mean value or decision tree algorithm) are insufficient to obtain a precise translation. This study addresses this issue by adopting the random forest (RF) algorithm to automatically learn a robust mapping model from a large number of samples and to evaluate the importance of each variable for each NLSR term. Because the semantic similarity of the collected terms reduces the classification accuracy, different grouping schemes of NLSR terms are used, with their influences on classification results being evaluated. The experiment results demonstrate that the learned model can accurately transform geometric configurations into NLSR terms, and that recognizing different groups of terms require different sets of variables. More importantly, the results of variable importance evaluation indicate that the importance of topology types determined by the 9-intersection model is weaker than metric variables in defining NLSR terms, which contrasts to the assertion of ‘topology matters, metric refines’ in existing studies.     

2008-2013年库姆塔格沙漠及阿尔金山降水特征

库姆塔格沙漠极端干旱,而其南部阿尔金山比较湿润.研究库姆塔格沙漠及南部阿尔金山的降水特征,对揭示库姆塔格沙漠水源补给机制和地貌形成原因具有重要作用.本文利用中国自动气象站与CMORPH融合逐时降水量0.1°网格数据集,分析了库姆塔格沙漠及阿尔金山的降水特征.结果表明:(1)库姆塔格沙漠降水主要集中在夏季,其他季节降水较少;而阿尔金山降水主要集中在春、秋两季,并存在一条降水量大值带,3月范围最大而夏季消失;(2)阿尔金山对库姆塔格沙漠的水源补给作用主要体现在春、秋两季,夏季降水基本与库姆塔格沙漠持平,春季降水超出库姆塔格沙漠最多;(3)阿尔金山各月平均逐小时降水量演变特征有很大不同,冬季12、1月及夏季6、7月每月逐时降水演变特征以"凌晨型"为主,可能与凌晨云顶辐射冷却引起的大气层结不稳定有关;春、秋两季每月逐时降水演变特征以"午后-黄昏型"为主, 可能与午后太阳辐射地面加热引起的大气层结不稳定有关;2、8月是两种类型的过渡时期.本文研究结果可为探索库姆塔格沙漠水源补给机制以及"羽毛状沙丘"独特的沙漠景观形成原因提供一定的参考依据.