Similarity Measurements on Multi‐Scale Qualitative Locations

Qualitative representation of spatial locations and their similarity measurements are essential for the analysis of linguistic term‐based data. Existing methods have focused on the similarities of spatial relations and spatial scenes but have not considered the variations in geometrical representations and relations over scales. This study developed some new measures to assess the similarities of both single‐ and multi‐scale qualitative locations. Region‐ and cell‐based models were used to formalize qualitative locations of spatial objects with respect to multi‐scale frames of reference. The similarities were assessed by integrating the similarities of frames and qualitative relations. The frame similarity measures how two objects are compared considering the common elements that they occupy in the reference frames. Moreover, the similarity of qualitative relation measures how two relations relate two objects to the corresponding elements in the frames. The location similarities at a single level integrate the similarities of the frames and qualitative relations, whereas the location similarities at multiple scales incorporate the variations in qualitative locations over scales. These methods were used to assess location similarities concerning residential areas, roads, and lakes. The results indicated that the location‐based measurements can disclose the distributions of the similarities and that the cell‐based model is more accurate than the region‐based model.     

直流场和交变场对泥岩磁化率的影响

磁化率值不仅受控于天然岩石和环境物质中磁性颗粒的组合特征,还与实验室内的处理过程有关,包括热处理过程和加场处理过程.热处理过程通常改变磁性矿物的类型,使样品的磁化率值发生明显变化,因而备受关注.但加场处理过程对样品磁化率的影响在于改变其中所含磁性颗粒的磁畴结构,这种变化是微观的,目前尚未受到应有的重视.本文选择8块泥岩样品进行了加场处理对其磁化率影响的研究.样品取自松辽盆地松科1井青山口组一段,主要携磁矿物为准单畴( PSD)或多畴(MD)磁铁矿.在逐步获得等温剩磁直至饱和的过程中,逐步测量样品的磁化率值.随后对其进行单轴系统交变退磁,逐步测量剩磁后,完成磁化率测量.结果发现:1)直流场使样品的磁化率值增大.在低于50mT的外加场中,随外加场的增强,样品的磁化率值快速增大;之后,随外加场的增强,样品的磁化率值基本不变,直到600mT; 600mT ～ 1T之间样品的磁化率值又大幅增大;最终,样品的磁化率较初始值(x0)增大0.84％ ～ 3.40％.这种磁化率值的增大受控于样品内PSD或MD磁铁矿磁畴结构的改变,与磁铁矿的含量无关.2)样品获得SIRM后进行的逐步交变退磁使其磁化率值有所降低,随交变场的增强,其降低的幅度也增大,但是,交变场达到100mT时,样品的磁化率值仍较x0高.经逐步交变退磁后,样品的磁化率较x0增加0.03％ ～ 2.42％.因而,天然样品在进行磁化率测量之前,不能将其置于任何直流场或交变场中处理.     

Internal wave characteristics at the ASIAEX site in the east China Sea

The characteristics of internal waves (IWs) observed during the Asian Sea International Acoustics Experiment 2001 in the East China Sea are presented in this paper. Temperature data from a 17-element thermistor chain exhibit clear IW features in shallow water. Large-amplitude oscillations, up to 35 m, are noted due to the semi-diurnal internal tides. High-frequency (HF) and narrow-bandwidth IW trains around 6 c/h ride on semi-diurnal IWs. The spectrum of vertical displacement of the IWs, calculated from the thermistor chain data, falls as /spl omega//sup -1.6/ in the frequency band of 0.1-4 c/h. For higher frequencies (>6 c/h), the spectrum falls as /spl omega//sup -3.0/. Vertical coherence of the IWs for both semi-diurnal internal tides and HF IWs is analyzed. Comparisons of our observations with other data, obtained from SWARM95, the Barents Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, display some common characteristics of shallow-water IWs.     

黄河水氢、氧同位素组成的空间变化特征及其环境意义

2005年7月从黄河源头到渤海人海口沿黄河干流系统采集了24个水样,对水的氢氧同位素组成进行了分析.黄河水δD和δ18O值的变化范围分别为-91‰～-44‰和-12.4‰～-4.2‰,并且二者都表现出从上游到下游整体逐渐上升的趋势,但青海玛多样品除外.黄河水δ18O和δD的线性关系方程为δD=5.69×δ18O-15....     

地震成因研究

提出地球重力场中不平衡地壳固体环压、环拉定位集中原理新概念。由于这一新概念的确立,关于地壳斜向滑力最大集中量的物质质量来源理论上可以达到纯固体地壳全部质量的量级。从而找到了地质演化力源中尚未找到的第一力源。指出在斜向滑力等诸力作用下地球壳、幔中固、液环流的存在,论证了基于固、液环流的地质演化的6种地质区型,进而划定了9种地震成因的地质界线。     

New Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Ages of the Langjiu Formation Volcanic Rocks in the Shiquanhe Area, Western Lhasa Terrane and their Implications

<正>Objective The potassic and ultrapotassic rocks relating to the India-Eurasia collision and continual plate convergence are widely distributed in the Lhasa terrane.These rocks are very important to understand the deep processes of the India-Eurasia collision and the uplift and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.Although high-potassic volcanic rocks are also exposed in the western Lhasa terrane,their formation     

我国最近4次7级以上地震前1年的平静特征

我国最近4次7级以上地震前的地震活动图象表明,7级地震前1年,地震所在地区出现在中强地震活动水平较高背景下的大范围5级以上地震的平静特征。它可能是岩石在应力作用下的变形特性改变的表现。这一特征对我国大陆7级地震的中期预报与7级地震的发生地区的判定具有很现实意义。     

积云发展对酸化剂清除的数值模拟

本文利用云内成雨清除模式和云下雨水冲刷清除模式讨论了云内和云下致酸物质的清除、酸化过程。计算结果表明，雨不酸化主要是在云内形成、而云底之下雨水对清除酸化过程是不重要的。而对流引起的上升气流和下沉气流对污染层内致酸物质的浓度变化有较大影响。     

扬子地块泥盆纪—石炭纪古地磁新结果及其古地地理意义

本文通过对扬子地块西南缘贵州独山－平塘地区泥盆－石炭纪316块定向岩心样品的系统退磁处理，揭示出晚侏罗世、新生代两期重磁化成.73个岩心样品，分布在早一中泥盆世（17个）、晚泥盆世（25个）、早石炭世（24个）和中－晚石炭世（7个）4个统计单元，得到了最可能的原生剩磁。结合已有的古地磁数据，修订了扬子地块极移曲,纯利 移曲线拟合的结果表明，扬子地块在早古生代是冈瓦那大陆的组成部分，与印度－喜马拉雅－澳大利亚地区临近。晚泥盆世、冈瓦那大陆发生大规模顺时针旋转，扬子地块开始与之分离。     

OBSERVATION ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SUPERCOOLED CLOUD AND SNOW

The rime ice samples of seven cold-cloud events,including the snow samples of two events,were col-lected at Huangshan Mountain Summit (1840m in elevation) in the January of 1986 and 1987.The resultsof analyses of the chemical composition of the rime ice and the falling snow for the events showed that thecloud water under the prevailing wind of SW,W and NW had a less pH than 5.6 while the snow and the localclouds had a larger pH than 7.0.SO_4~(2-) was the dominant ion that influenced the cold-cloud events.The ma-ximum value of pH and the minimum value of [SO_4~(2-)] appeared at the middle part of the cold-clouds.Compar-ed with the cold-cloud water,the snow had a characteristic of larger pH and lower ion concentrations.Thevariation of the ion concentrations in precipitation may be partially due to higher percentage of the solid pre-cipitation.