Evolution of the Fine Structure of Magnetic Fields in the Quiet Sun: Observations from Sunrise/IMaX and Extrapolations

Observations with the balloon-borne Sunrise/Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) provide high spatial resolution (roughly 100 km at disk center) measurements of the magnetic field in the photosphere of the quiet Sun. To investigate the magnetic structure of the chromosphere and corona, we extrapolate these photospheric measurements into the upper solar atmosphere and analyze a 22-minute long time series with a cadence of 33 seconds. Using the extrapolated magnetic-field lines as tracer, we investigate temporal evolution of the magnetic connectivity in the quiet Sun’s atmosphere. The majority of magnetic loops are asymmetric in the sense that the photospheric field strength at the loop foot points is very different. We find that the magnetic connectivity of the loops changes rapidly with a typical connection recycling time of about 3±1 minutes in the upper solar atmosphere and 12±4 minutes in the photosphere. This is considerably shorter than previously found. Nonetheless, our estimate of the energy released by the associated magnetic-reconnection processes is not likely to be the sole source for heating the chromosphere and corona in the quiet Sun.     

Performance results of HESP physical model

As a continuation to the published work on model based calibration technique with HESP(Hanle Echelle Spectrograph) as a case study, in this paper we present the performance results of the technique. We also describe how the open parameters were chosen in the model for optimization, the glass data accuracy and handling the discrepancies. It is observed through simulations that the discrepancies in glass data can be identified but not quantifiable. So having an accurate glass data is important which is possible to obtain from the glass manufacturers. The model’s performance in various aspects is presented using the ThAr calibration frames from HESP during its pre-shipment tests. Accuracy of model predictions and its wave length calibration comparison with conventional empirical fitting, the behaviour of open parameters in optimization, model’s ability to track instrumental drifts in the spectrum and the double fibres performance were discussed. It is observed that the optimized model is able to predict to a high accuracy the drifts in the spectrum from environmental fluctuations. It is also observed that the pattern in the spectral drifts across the 2D spectrum which vary from image to image is predictable with the optimized model. We will also discuss the possible science cases where the model can contribute.     

西部大开发中的科技伦理调控

在阐述西部大开发中科技主导地位的基础上 ,从科技应用成效二重性的视角 ,探讨了关注西部科技伦理的必要性 ,并初步提出了西部大开发战略的科技伦理调控机制     

APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN

Wetlands in the Jianghan Plain are important components of wetland types in lake area in the middle and lower reaches the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and they fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology,waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Owing to natural factors and human activities, especially excessive reclamation from lakes, the shrinking process of the lakes has been accelerated. Wetland ecosystem has shown the characteristics of vulnerability. According to the analysis of wetland ecological function in the Jianghan Plain, this paper presented an index system related to productivity, stability and environmental capacity. By using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process, we computed the values of the relative weights of the indexes, and evaluated the vulnerability level of the wetland ecosystem by the method of multi-indexes. The case study showed that the fragile extent of wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is 5.6. This means that the wetland ecosystem in the Jiang-han Plain is laid to the state of middle vulnerability. Therefore, the wetland conservation and eco-rehabilitation in the JiangJaan Plain should be paid attention to.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组富铀凝灰岩地球化学特征及形成机制

本文系统地研究了鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩元素和同位素地球化学特征。结果表明：凝灰岩主量元素具有高K、高Al、Si中等至高、低Na的特征; REE总体特征为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,∑REE在4857～40212 μg/g 之间变化,Eu呈现出负异常,在034～082内变化,δCe范围在080～208之间; 微量元素中U含量在312～144 μg/g 之间,Ba、U、Th、Hf和Ce呈明显正异常,Nb、P、Ti和Rb呈现负异常。详细的分析表明：U的富集和一些微量元素如Ta、Dy、Lu等相关,Th与∑REE存在明显的正相关性,这些变化可能和盆地中铀矿的富集有关; 凝灰岩的硫同位素总体呈现深源特征。根据以上的研究对凝灰岩的形成原因及形成环境进行了探讨。鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩来源于秦岭造山带火山作用,其中的铀元素富集是由于砂岩型铀矿中铀向凝灰岩迁移而被还原所致。本研究对盆地砂岩型铀矿的铀运移和富集机理认识具有一定指导意义。     

The Orbital Evolution of Two Sounding Satellites and Analysis of the Accuracy of Orbit Determination

The satellites TC-1 and TC-2 are the two Chinese satellites with great elliptical orbits which are still in orbit around the earth at present. Since the launch the orbits of the two satellites have continuously evolved, which has a certain effect on the orbit determination and prediction precision. The regularities of the orbital evolution of the two sounding satellites are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Under the current tracking mode the corresponding prediction precision of orbit determination is analyzed based on the different stages of the orbital evolution, thereby providing the basis for the adjustment of planning mode by the satellite application departments and the guarantee of normal satellite payload. Finally, the orbital lifetimes of the two satellites are predicted through the trend of the orbital evolution.     

从硫酸锂粗矿中分离富集锂的实验研究

针对从西藏查波措盐湖卤水中获得的硫酸锂粗矿,开展从该矿物中分离提取锂的研究。根据该矿物的组成,设计了去除与锂离子共存的镁、硫酸根等主要离子的工艺路线,通过除镁、硫酸根、钙等过程和蒸发浓缩、结晶分离等步骤,得到了杂质离子含量较低的富锂溶液。实验对除镁步骤的加水量、加料方式、反应时间、Ca O加入量等反应关键控制因素进行了考察,确定了较优的分离条件。     

南海陆坡大型块体搬运体系的结构与识别特征

近年来的地质与地球物理调查发现,在大陆坡第四系中发育有大规模块体搬运体系(现今的块体搬运体系也称海底滑坡)。块体搬运体系是深水常见的一种沉积物搬运机制,主要包括滑动、滑塌和碎屑流等重力流过程及其沉积物。南海陆坡白云块体搬运体系面积逾10 000 km2,可划分为3个结构单元,即头部拉张区、体部滑移-挤压区和趾部挤压区。在地震剖面中,发育多种构造:正断层、杂乱反射、逆冲断层、挤压脊和褶皱等。块体搬运体系严重威胁深水设施安全,并可能诱发海啸,是海洋地质灾害之一。同时,块体搬运体系与海洋油气及天然气水合物关系密切,物源决定块体搬运体系的物性,泥质物源的块体搬运体系通常作为良好的油气盖层,砂质物源形成的块体搬运体系可以成为储层。     

许昌新区建设的理念及可持续发展规划

随着城市化的进程,城市可持续发展已经成为人们关注的热点问题。以可持续发展为系统目标,统筹考虑区域经济、社会、环境、资源等要素,通过构建城市新区经济—社会—生态系统,规划许昌新区。遵循以人为本、生态和谐、城乡统筹和可持续发展的理念,提出了公平和谐、产—城融合、田园生态、城乡统筹、林水一体、延续文脉的许昌新区可持续发展规划,推动许昌新区建设。     

A Multiple Flare Scenario where the Classic Long-Duration Flare Was Not the Source of a CME

A series of flares (GOES class M, M and C) and a CME were observed in close succession on 20 January 2004 in NOAA 10540. Radio observations, which took the form of types II, III and N bursts, were associated with these events. We use the combined observations from TRACE, EIT, Hα images from Kwasan, MDI magnetograms and GOES to understand the complex development of this event. Contrary to a standard interpretation, we conclude that the first two impulsive flares are part of the CME launch process while the following long-duration event flare represents simply the recovery phase. Observations show that the flare ribbons not only separate but also shift along the magnetic inversion line so that magnetic reconnection progresses stepwise to neighboring flux tubes. We conclude that “tether cutting” reconnection in the sheared arcade progressively transforms it to a twisted flux tube, which becomes unstable, leading to a CME. We interpret the third flare, a long-duration event, as a combination of the classical two-ribbon flare with the relaxation process following forced reconnection between the expanding CME structure and neighboring magnetic fields. Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.