黄河上游物质在新近纪未流入晋陕峡谷*

河流的出现是其流域内构造活动和气候变化综合作用的结果。晋陕峡谷位于黄河上游和中游的衔接部位,对于研究上游黄河何时进入晋陕峡谷具有无可替代的地理位置优势。目前对于黄河何时进入晋陕峡谷一直存有较大争议,存在中新世、上新世和更新世几种主要观点。基于此,作者对晋陕峡谷北段新近纪地层开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析和沉积相观察。首次报道了磨扇沟、大烟墩、高家窨子3个剖面270颗碎屑锆石 U-Pb 年龄结果。通过和区域内潜在源区进行对比,以及古流向都是自东向西的现象,判定磨扇沟和大烟墩2个剖面的物质来自近源的吕梁山北段; 高家窨子剖面底部的砂岩流向为自南向北,其物源区来自鄂尔多斯地块北部中生代地层。结合这些地层已经报道的古地磁年龄,认为晋陕峡谷北段在6.2~3.7 Ma期间以近源堆积为主,是对青藏高原隆升远程效应和东亚夏季风增强的沉积响应,而和黄河上游物质不存在物源联系。     

Evaluation of failure of slopes with shaking-induced cracks in response to rainfall

Landslides - Centrifuge model tests on slopes subject to shaking and rainfall have been performed to examine the response of slopes with shaking-induced cracks to subsequent rainfall and evaluate...     

Directional Support Method for Tunnel Jointed Rock Mass

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In order to explore the directional support method of jointed rock mass and ensure the stable operation of roadway, the support effect of jointed rock mass...     

Quantitative evaluation of weathering degree through Fuzzy-AHP method and petrophysics analysis for sandstone carvings

Natural Hazards - The assessment of weathering degree of sandstone carvings plays an important role in scientific conservation. However, the current state of weathering assessment research cannot...     

深部地震资料的处理和解释方法

深部地震资料的处理类似于油气地震资料,但也有其自身的一些特点。在水平叠加处理前后,分别使用强有力的去噪和归位处理技术是获取高质量深部地震剖面的保证。在深地震时间剖面上,强能量条带的分布是大地构造格架的反映。综合测区重磁电等物化探资料进行解释,有利于提高解释精度和进一步探讨造山带的构造演化     

Estimation of groundwater recharge using the soil moisture budget method and the base-flow model

A detailed characterization of the site is crucial to designing an efficient method of managing the risks associated with tailings from abandoned mines. Therefore, samples collected from various depths within tailings in Guryong mine, Korea, were analyzed for their chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics. All samples of the Guryong tailings had acid-generating potential. However, in the oxidation zone, the net acid generation (NAG) was low (30 kg H₂SO₄ t⁻¹) although the acid neutralization potential (ANP) was less than zero. The ANP values in the unoxidation zone were higher (> −56.0 kg CaCO₃ t⁻¹) than in the other zones. As a result, the amount of alkali ions that are needed to neutralize the acid needs to be considered. In this experiment G3, G4 and G6 drill cores containing fine tailings particles near the unoxidation zone were observed to contain calcite (CaCO₃) with acid-neutralizing capacity. A low pH (2−4) in the oxidation zone of the tailings changed to a neutral pH in the unoxidation zone of the tailings. These results suggest that the acid-neutralizing capacity of the tailings was controlled by particle and mineral composition of tailings.     

Analysis of drivers governing temporal salinity and temperature variations in groundwater discharge from Altug Submarine Karst Cave (Kas-Turkey)

Salinity and temperature variations in groundwater discharge from the Altug submarine karst cave have been observed at 28 m below sea level for every 10 min between November 2004 and August 2005 to determine the drivers that govern the salinization. Comparisons between temporal trends of salinity and temperature with those of precipitation, air pressure, sea level and wind velocity revealed an apparent dominance of precipitation regime on the salinity and temperature variations. Spectral analyses applied to observations showed that the air pressure and sea level oscillations are affected by sun and moon tides which do not have an appreciable impact on the salinity and temperature variations. Annual rate of salinization in Altug cave seems inversely related to the inland groundwater head so that the maximum and minimum fresh water contributions occur at mid-spring and late-summer, respectively.     

Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China

In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth. The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e., from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and cations Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m.     

利用矿物方解石进行水体除磷实验研究

为探索解决水体富营养化问题的新方法,利用矿物方解石对含磷溶液进行了除磷实验。实验结果表明,方解石晶芽可以促进磷的沉淀,降低溶液磷浓度;其降磷效果与溶液初始磷浓度有关,初始磷浓度为1.2mg/L,除磷率为12.68%,初始磷浓度为3mg/L,除磷率为69.94%,初始磷浓度为5mg/L,除磷率为88.48%;同样,实验温度升高,可使方解石降磷效果明显提高。经透射电子显微镜测试,除磷沉淀物没有明显的晶质体特征。