崎岖列岛海区现代沉积环境

长江入海扩散悬沙和当地岛屿风化物是崎岖列岛海区现代沉积主要物质来源。崎岖列岛的地形、潮流、长江冲淡水和风浪是影响列岛海区现代沉积环境的主要因素。根据沉积环境的差异可将列岛海区划分为4大沉积区：列岛区外沉积区、列岛周边沉积区、列岛峡道沉积区和峡侧向潮汐通道沉积区。列岛区外沉积区主要受外海潮流、风浪和长江冲淡水的影响，主要沉积物为粘土。列岛峡道沉积区受峡道内强劲的往复流影响，峡道西部以粗颗粒沉积物为主，峡道东部深槽区的粘土和亚粘土沉积物应属冲刷出露出的早期沉积地层。     

Temporal variations of water discharge and sediment load of Huanghe River, China

Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000.     

海滩-珊瑚礁系统风暴响应特征研究——以1409号台风“威马逊”对清澜港海岸影响为例

珊瑚礁海岸在我国热带地区广泛发育,海滩-珊瑚礁海岸的动力地貌过程是认识该类海岸的关键。本文基于对海南铜鼓岭-高隆湾岸段的台风"威马逊"前后跟踪观测,讨论了海滩风暴响应特征及其与珊瑚礁发育之间的联系。结果表明该岸段海滩在"威马逊"风暴作用下响应最为剧烈的区带位于平均海平面(MSL)以上,表现为后滨冲越,以及岸线蚀退、滩肩变窄、滩面侵蚀等响应特征。海滩风暴响应特征与近岸珊瑚礁发育密切相关,在无珊瑚或珊瑚受损的岸段海滩响应剧烈,剖面平均变化率(MPC)为其他岸段的3~6倍,珊瑚礁通过消耗波能对相邻海滩提供良好保护。海滩-珊瑚礁系统对风暴的响应特征受控于珊瑚礁对海岸波浪的消耗能力和海滩固有的缓冲能力。基于本文研究结果,归纳出风暴极端动力条件下海滩-珊瑚礁海岸的4种风暴响应模式。     

基于FCM方法的黄河水下三角洲沉积动力环境分区

客观定量地确定沉积动力环境分区是理解区域沉积动力过程的重要基础。本文以黄河水下三角洲表层沉积物的粒度分析数据为基础,运用模糊c均值聚类（FCM）等方法对该区域的沉积动力环境进行了分类、识别、分区及制图表达。结果表明,研究区域的沉积动力环境可分为3个类别,分别代表了冲刷、冲淤混合和淤积3类不同形式的沉积动力环境。各类别沉积动力环境的隶属度分布图具有指示其在不同空间位置处出现的可能性大小及其优势分布区的作用,而由模糊隶属度值生成的沉积动力环境分区图也与研究区域实际的沉积动力空间格局有着较高的吻合度,表明制图结果是合理和有效的。研究结果可为黄河三角洲滨海区地貌演变趋势分析和海岸防护提供重要的参考价值。     

Temporal and spatial changes of suspended sediment concentration and resuspension in the Yangtze River estuary

A detailed analysis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations over a year period is presented using the data from 8 stations in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, together with a discussion of the hydrodynamic regimes of the estuary. Spatially, the SSC from Xuliujing downwards to Hangzhou Bay increases almost constantly, and the suspended sediment in the inner estuary shows higher concentration in summer than in winter, while in the outer estuary it shows higher concentration in winter than in summer, and the magnitude is greater in the outer estuary than in the inner estuary, greater in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze River estuary. The sediments discharged by the Yangtze River into the sea are resuspended by marine dynamics included tidal currents and wind waves. Temporally, the SSC shows a pronounced neap-spring tidal cycle and seasonal variations. Furthermore, through the analysis of dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that wave and tidal current are two predominant factors of sediment resuspension and control the distribution and changes of SSC, in which tidal currents control neap-spring tidal cycles, and wind waves control seasonal variations. The ratio between river discharge and marine dynamics controls spatial distribution of SSC.     

长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮

A detailed analysis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations over a year period is presented using the data from 8 stations in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, together with a discussion of the hydrodynamic regimes of the estuary. Spatially, the SSC from Xuliujing downwards to Hangzhou Bay increases almost constantly, and the suspended sediment in the inner estuary shows higher concentration in summer than in winter, while in the outer estuary it shows higher concentration in winter than in summer, and the magnitude is greater in the outer estuary than in the inner estuary, greater in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze River estuary. The sediments discharged by the Yangtze River into the sea are resuspended by marine dynamics included tidal currents and wind waves. Temporally, the SSC shows a pronounced neap-spring tidal cycle and seasonal variations. Furthermore, through the analysis of dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that wave and tidal current are two predominant factors of sediment resuspension and control the distribution and changes of SSC, in which tidal currents control neap-spring tidal cycles, and wind waves control seasonal variations. The ratio between river discharge and marine dynamics controls soatial distribution of SSC.     

Similarities between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary

By analysis of published papers on the Yangtze estuary and hydrological and sediments data in Yangshan Harbor area, many similarities are found between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary. These similarities include the phenomenon of stagnating flow areas, the distributive characteristics of the highest suspended sediment concentration areas, superficial sediments and shoal bars. The stagnating flow area is the major similarity which causes other similarities. These similarities indicate that: 1) Turbidity Maximum and mouth bars in estuaries are mainly caused by the hydraulic balance of stagnating flow areas of estuaries; 2) The stagnating sand area of sands caused by stagnating flow area often locates on the narrower side of the stagnating flow area; 3) The location (or shape) of fine sediments area caused by stagnating flow area reflects the location (or shape) of the stagnating flow area. Both Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary are the important developmental areas in the future (man-made similarity). In-depth studies on these similarities between Yangshan Harbor area and the Yangtze estuary will have momentous theoretical and practical significance.     

黄河三角洲飞雁滩海岸的侵蚀与机理

飞雁滩海域是1964—1976 年黄河刁口河流路入海区域。根据地形和断面水深监测资料,阐述了该岸段流路废弃后的岸滩侵蚀特征和地貌变化。研究结果表明,刁口河流路废弃后飞雁滩海岸向海凸出的地形特征,是造成该岸段强烈侵蚀的重要原因。进一步结合波、流动力的对应分析认为,波浪以掀沙为主,潮流以输沙为主,波浪和潮流的联合作用是飞雁滩海岸侵蚀的主要动力机制,其中潮流主要通过余流携沙外输,造成近岸泥沙亏损。     

东营港海域表层沉积物分布及其运移趋势

根据2008年10月东营港海域表层沉积物粒度取样,结合水文观测和相关波浪资料,通过粒度分析以及粒径趋势矢量和掀沙动力等计算,探讨了沉积物的分布特征及其运移趋势。研究表明:东营港海域表层沉积物以黏土质粉砂为主,由岸向海呈"粗-细-粗-细"的条带状分布,相应地形成了沿岸最粗、近岸次细、远岸次粗和外海最细的4个沉积区,呈现出沉积物由粗沉积区向细沉积区运移的趋势;引堤阻隔了两侧潮流运动和波浪传播的连续性,引起引堤-引桥连接部位水流的辐聚或辐散,对于来自NE向的常强浪,引堤北侧为迎波区,南侧为波影区,致使沿岸和近岸的局部水动力场改变,从而造成了引堤南北侧沉积物分布和运移的差异。进一步研究显示,沉积物在总体上呈离岸运移,与余流呈偏东向的离岸流动基本一致。     

近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响

为了了解黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响,本文运用统计学方法对利津站1950-2007年的水沙数据以及流域人类活动引起的减水减沙数据进行了分析,结果表明:1950-2007年黄河人海水沙量明显减少,且年际波动比较剧烈.人类活动的影响是人海水沙量减少的主要原因.1950.2005年,水土保持年均减水减沙量分别为20.2亿m3和3.41亿t;工农业年均引水引沙量分别为251.64亿m3和2.42亿t;干流库区拦沙量,三门峡水库1960-2007年年均淤积1.45亿m3,小浪底水库1997-2007年年均淤积2.398亿m3.相比于花园口站的水沙量,下游河道以淤积为主,人海水沙量减少;以冲刷为主,人海水沙毋增加.当不同时期人海总水沙量比为0.0257 t/m3左右时,河口附近岸线延伸,三角洲面积增加.但近来年入海水沙量的急剧减少,特别是黄河口清8出汉以后,整个黄河三角洲由淤积转变为侵蚀,冲淤状态发生逆转的时间约在1997年.