粤东靖海湾海岸地貌动力演变及其工程影响

受人为工程的影响,相对稳定的岬湾海岸地貌常经历显著的动态调整。本文以粤东靖海湾典型岬湾海岸为例,运用Mc Laren模型、波浪动力场数值模拟、等深线对比、冲淤计算等多种方法,从海岸地貌动力学角度,对人为岬角工程前后岬湾海岸地貌动力过程和冲淤演变进行综合分析。结果表明:1)海岸地貌动力系统内常存在负反馈机制以维持系统的稳定。岬角工程后上岬角防波堤沿SSW延伸,ESE和E向浪经过防波堤时发生绕射,波能削减,湾顶动力减弱,海滩沉积物从下岬角向湾顶反向运移;2)海滩的蚀积状态在工程前后发生了转换,工程前遮蔽段侵蚀、开敞段堆积;工程后遮蔽段堆积、开敞段侵蚀;3)海湾水下地形对岬角工程的响应敏感,工程后海湾水下地形冲淤剧烈。     

现行黄河口保护区典型湿地植被时空动态遥感监测

滩涂植被是滨海湿地的重要组成部分,其动态变化影响着湿地生态系统的结构和功能.利用遥感技术监测和评估湿地植被的长期变化对于海岸带资源管理和生态保护具有重要意义.本文以多时相Landsat卫星影像为数据源,结合面向对象和随机森林算法实现现行黄河口保护区内典型湿地植被的精准分类,揭示了2000-2020年研究区内芦苇、盐地碱...     

鹤岗矿震台网背景噪声分析

利用鹤岗地震台及鹤岗矿震台网的观测资料,分析了矿务局点、救援队点、大陆矿、鸟山矿等4个测点的背景噪声,得到鹤岗区域矿震的典型背景噪声特征及观测环境对矿震台网的影响特点,以及矿震台网所受具体干扰源的特征,并对矿震台网的监测效能进行了评估。     

浙南近岸海流季节变化特征

为了揭示浙南海流特征及其季节和垂向变化规律,于2006—2007年在浙南岸外一固定点(平均水深约32m)利用ADP潜标进行了春、夏、秋、冬季4次多个潮周期分层海流流速流向观测。结果表明:(1)测点最大流速为148.9cm/s,相应流向为75°,出现在春季表层大潮落潮阶段;垂向平均最大流速为106.2cm/s,平均流向为81°,出现在夏季大潮落潮落急阶段。(2)剖面各层流速垂向差异明显,表层流速(28m层以上)受海况影响明显,秋季平均流速最大(65.4cm/s),冬季最小(42.8cm/s),20~28m层冬季最强,春季最弱,20m层以下夏季最强,秋季最弱(仅小潮);垂线平均流速夏季最强(46.5cm/s),春季最小(33.7cm/s)。(3)夏季海流基本上为(偏)北向流;秋、冬则基本上为(偏)南向流;春季具往复流特点,但以北向流为主。(4)垂向上夏季和春季流向较一致,冬季和秋季流向分异明显(20m和10m层)。(5)垂线平均余流为12.8~29.8cm/s,夏季最强春季最弱;夏季和春季各层余流均为东北向,冬季为西南向,而秋季11m层(包括11m层)以下为E-NEE向,11m层以上为西南向。结论:测点海流受到潮汐、季风和台湾暖流的共同制约。季风的影响夏、冬两季大于春、秋两季;季风的影响自表层向底层减弱(主要限于表层以下10m)。     

近60年黄河水沙变化及其对三角洲沉积的影响

In order to find out the variation process of water-sediment and its effect on the Yellow River Delta, the water discharge and sediment load at Lijin from 1950 to 2007 and the decrease of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River Basin caused by human disturbances were analyzed by means of statistics. It was shown that the water discharge and sediment load into the sea were decreasing from 1950 to 2007 with serious fluctuation. The human activities were the main cause for decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea. From 1950 to 2005, the average annual reduction of water discharge and sediment load by means of water-soil conservation practices were 2.02×109 m3 and 3.41×108 t respectively, and the average annual volume by water abstraction for industry and agriculture were 2.52×1010 m3 and 2.42×108 t respectively. The average sediment trapped by Sanmenxia Reservoir was 1.45×108 t from 1960 to 2007, and the average sediment retention of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was 2.398×108 t from 1997 to 2007. Compared to the data records at Huanyuankou, the water discharge and sediment load into the sea decreased with siltation in the lower reaches and increased with scouring in the lower reaches. The coastline near river mouth extended and the delta area increased when the ratio of accumulative sediment load and accumulative water discharge into the sea (SSCT) is 25.4–26.0 kg/m3 in different time periods. However, the sharp decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea in recent years, especially the Yellow River into the sea at Qing 8, the entire Yellow River Delta has turned into erosion from siltation, and the time for a reversal of the state was about 1997.     

Temporal variations of water discharge and sediment load of Huanghe River, China

Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000.     

2005年黄河调水调沙期间入海泥沙扩散研究

针对黄河调水调沙试验开始前,黄河入海水沙通量非常少,调水调沙试验开始后,入海径流量和泥沙量增加近10倍的情况。通过2005年黄河调水调沙入海泥沙扩散的数值模拟,并结合收集到的黄河口卫星航片解译结果,研究结果表明,调水调沙实验开始后黄河入海水沙量急剧增加,由于地形及射流效应,入海水沙出河口后形成E和SE方向为主扩散的泥沙流,但其扩散范围有限,呈现以河口为中心的扇形分布格局,最大影响距离约20km×40km。风作为悬浮泥沙扩散的驱动力,成为泥沙扩散运动方向和大小的重要决定性因子。     

调水调沙以来黄河尾闾河道冲淤演变及其影响因素

2002年开始的黄河调水调沙改变了进入黄河口的水沙条件,必然引起尾闾河道地貌的显著调整.根据黄河尾闾河道利津以下的断面实测高程数据,建立基于正交曲线网格的河道DEM,结合河床形态与水沙条件变化,综合研究黄河尾闾河道冲淤的时空演变及其影响因素.结果表明,调水调沙以来尾闾河道冲刷明显,2002-2017年累计冲刷6240万...     

1950-2008年黄河入海水沙变化(英文)

Based on hydrological data observed at Lijin gauging station from 1950 to 2008, the temporal changes of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the sea were analyzed by the wavelet analysis, and their impacts on the estuary were investigated in different periods based on the measured coastline and bathymetry data. The results show that: (1) there were three significant periodicities, i.e. annual (0.5-1.0-year), internnual (3.0-6.5-year) and decadal (10.1-14.2-year), in the variations of w...     

近60 年黄河入海水沙多尺度变化及其对河口的影响

基于1950-2008 年利津站月均径流量和输沙量的时间序列资料,采用小波分析的方法研究了黄河入海水沙多尺度变化,并结合不同年份的黄河口岸线和口门地形资料分析了水沙变化对河口演变的影响。结果表明：黄河入海水沙具有3 个不同时间尺度的显著周期变化,其与厄尔尼诺事件有关,不同尺度下的入海水沙丰枯变化不同;受流域降水和人类活动的影响,入海水沙长期呈减少趋势,并具有阶段变化的特征;入海水沙变化深刻影响着河口演变,不同时期行水河口的岸线延伸速率与河口来沙量有关,亿t 泥沙岸线延伸量与来沙系数显著相关,自1976 年清水沟流路入海以来,河口水下三角洲表现为淤积,淤积程度与入海水沙量密切相关。