Generating hierarchical strokes from urban street networks based on spatial pattern recognition

Strokes are products of a higher-level aggregation of street segments that can reflect functional importance and perceptual significance that is associated with them in human spatial mental conceptualizations, which is of vital importance for network analysis, street selection, and map generalization. Street properties (e.g., street names) and angles between street segments are the two main elements used for generating street strokes according to the continuity principle of perceptual grouping into networks. However, it is difficult to automatically generate strokes with good continuity from street networks with multiple lanes such as dual carriageways or complex street junctions. This article proposes a method for generating street strokes that maintain good continuity across multiple lanes and complex street junctions. The proposed method first detects dual carriageways and complex junctions in street networks and then generates strokes according to the continuity principle of perceptual grouping. Finally, it groups the generated street strokes across the dual carriageways and complex street junctions to maintain good continuity. Moreover, the generated strokes are hierarchically ranked based on stroke length and centrality measurements. Experimental studies demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method. The result shows that the generated street strokes maintain good continuity and reflect well the hierarchical structure of the street networks.     

基于iPhone的WebGIS应用系统的研究与实现

在分析iPhone特性的基础上,结合工程实践,对面向iPhone基于WebGIS应用系统的实现进行研究,主要是对功能设计及布局、Ajax、canvas绘图等一系列关键技术进行研究并形成相关的应用技术和解决方案。该系统满足了大众对于在iPhone上实现WebGIS应用系统的需求,同时,该系统的实现对面向iPhone的Web应用有一定的借鉴作用。     

粤东汕头近岸海域灾害地质风险综合评价

基于粤东汕头近岸海域地质和地球物理资料,通过对物探数据进行解译,查明了该区域内主要有活动断层、埋藏古河道、浅层气、不规则浅埋基岩等灾害地质类型,并结合层次分析法和模糊数学法建立了以断层、埋藏古河道、浅层气、浅埋基岩为评价指标的风险评价体系,得出海域内的不同区块的风险性等级,共分低、较低、中、较高、高5个等级。研究区超过70%的区域灾害风险不高,高风险区分布在榕江外河口、海门湾南部,主要受埋藏古河道和断层影响。较高—高风险区工程地质条件较差,存在的不良地质条件可能会给海上工程建设带来风险,选址时应尽量避开此类区域。评价结果与已查明的灾害分布特点吻合,对以后海上工程项目施工有一定的参考价值。     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

Heterosis and heritability estimates for the survival of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under the commercial scale ponds

The aim of the present study is to detect the potential of the base population from diallel crosses of eight introduced strains of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) for improving the yield. Heterosis and heritability were estimated for pond survival at commercial farm conditions for the base population that included 207 full-sib families from a nested mating design by artificial insemination. Among all the hybrids,the heterosis ranged from –11.37%(UA1×UA2) to 20.53%(UA3×SIN) with an average of 0.953%. The results showed that more than half of the hybrids(51.85%) have negative heterosis for survival rate, but most of the hybrids with positive heterosis have high estimates. The high proportion of negative heterosis for survival rate reminders us that the survival trait also should be considered in the crossbreeding program to avoid yield decrease. However, high positive heterosis manifested in most of the hybrids for survival indicates the usefulness of these hybrids for improving the survival to obtain higher yield by crossbreeding in this breeding program. The heritability estimate for pond survival was 0.092±0.043 when genetic groups were included in the pedigree, and it was significantly different from zero(P0.05). The results from this study also indicated that significant improvement for survival is possible through selection in L. vannamei.     

石榴石橄榄岩的熔融实验及其地质意义

在20×10~9Pa和25×10~9Pa条件下,对石榴石橄榄岩进行的14次高温高压熔融实验研究表明,在1600℃时石榴石橄榄岩开始熔融(初熔),熔体中的SiO_2>70％,Na_2O+K_2O>8％,类似于A型花岗岩成分。本实验为地幔花岗岩的成因提供了证据。     

珠江河口及近海水体中铜的水平和形态分布

对夏季(2002-07)和冬季(2003-01)航次中珠江河口及近海水域样品中金属铜的总含量以及总溶解态、颗粒态、游离态铜含量进行对比分析。结果发现,夏季铜的总浓度水平分布并非完全体现陆源性规律,而是随河口向外海递增。而在冬季,总铜浓度的空间变化呈现和夏季完全相反的趋势,即随河口向外海逐渐降低。说明研究水域中金属铜可能具有其他来源,同时在很大程度上受到夏季沿岸上升流的影响。但是,游离态铜的分布在冬季和夏季却呈现相同的趋势,即自河口向外海逐渐降低。说明铜的形态分布在更大程度上取决于水体的理化性质。     

A new model for the vibration isolation via pile rows consisting of infinite number of piles

In this study, on the basis of the Floquet transform method, a numerical model for the simulation of the vibration isolation via multiple periodic pile rows with infinite number of piles is established. By means of the fictitious pile method due to Muki and Sternberg, the second kind of Fredholm integral equations for the pile rows are developed by using the fundamental solutions for the half‐space and the compatibility conditions between the piles and half‐space. Employing the Floquet transform method, integral equations for the pile rows in the wavenumber domain are then derived. Solution of the integral equations yields the wavenumber domain solution for the pile rows. The space domain solution can then be retrieved by inversion of the Floquet transform. Numerical results show that the proposed model with the Floquet transform method is in a good agreement with those of the conventional direct superposition method. On the basis of the new model, influences of the spacing between neighboring piles, the Young's modulus of the piles, and the pile length on the vibration isolation effect of the pile rows are investigated. Numerical simulations conducted in this study show that compared with the direct superposition method, the efficiency of the proposed model for simulation of the vibration isolation via pile rows is very high. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘肃西峰黄土中细菌16S rDNA 文库的构建与组成初步分析

对黄土高原西峰地区黄土沉积物中的有机质进行了总DNA 提取和PCR（聚合酶链式反应）扩增,通过克隆测序技 术构建了含有44 个克隆子的细菌16S rDNA 文库。对16S rDNA 系统发育的分析表明,西峰地区的黄土沉积物中细菌可分属 13 个类群,包括：酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）、变形菌（Proteobacteria）、放线菌（Actinobacteria）、绿弯菌（Chloroflexi）、厚壁菌（Firmicutes）、疣微菌（Verrucomicrobia）、浮霉菌（Planctomycetes）、芽单胞菌（Gemmatimonadetes）、异常球菌-栖热菌（Deinococcus-Thermus）、硝化螺旋菌（Nitrospirae）、蓝细菌（Cyanobacteria）、拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）和Candidate divisionTG1。其中酸杆菌为最主要优势类群,变形菌为次优势类群,二者占黄土细菌总克隆数的70%,且大多为不可培养的基因型。