A multidimensional magnetohydrodynamics code based on semidiscrete central WENO and PPM schemes

We present a multidimensional magnetohydrodynamics code based on semidiscrete central Godunov-type schemes and high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory data reconstruction and incorporate elements of the piecewise parabolic method into the reconstruction schemes. This algorithm avoids spectral decomposition into characteristic waves and is easily implemented. We have implemented this algorithm and carried out one and two dimensional tests, which verifies that this code can achieve the accuracy and efficiency to solve the astrophysical problems.     

频率域全波形反演方法研究进展

全波形反演是一种利用地震波传播的动力学特征来获取地下介质物性参数的反演方法,可为揭示地下精细结构提供重要依据。本文以弹性波方程作为数学模型来模拟地震波传播规律并进行相应的反演方法研究。为提高计算效率与反演结果的准确性,可将近似解析离散化（NAD）算子用于频率域弹性波方程的正演模拟。本文在频率域NAD离散的基础上推导阻抗矩阵的稀疏分块结构与反演目标函数对模型参数的梯度计算公式,由此建立基于NAD算子的频率域弹性波全波形反演方法。为验证该方法的有效性,文中通过数值实验对多种典型介质模型进行反演计算,均得到了理想的反演结果。

     

西苕溪流域不同土地类型下氮元素输移过程

以西苕溪流域为研究对象,选择最有代表性的5种土地类型,模拟天然大暴雨,通过3次重复实验研究不同形态氮素随暴雨径流及径流沉积物的迁移过程,估算氮素在流域内不同土地利用/土地覆被条件下的损失率。研究结果表明,在相同的降雨条件下,氮素的流失速率和流失量随土地利用/土地覆被类型的不同表现出明显差异,地表径流水相总氮的流失量桑林最大,水田最小。水相不同形态的氮素流失量亦有所不同,悬浮颗粒态氮占地表径流水相总氮的70 %~90 %,水相溶解态氮的流失量以松林为最高,竹林、桑林和水田接近而且较低,不同类型的水相溶解态氮也随土地利用类型的不同表现出各自的特征。各土地类型单位面积、表层10 cm土壤氮素流失高达4.66~9.40 g·m-2,其中随径流沉积物相迁移的氮素占绝大部分(90 % 以上)。估算出的各土地利用类型总氮流失速率,地表径流水相为2.68~14.48 mg·m-2·min-1,径流沉积物相高达100.01~172.67 mg·m-2·min-1。     

厦蓉高速公路某隧道洞口段开挖对仰坡变形影响的数值分析

针对一座浅埋偏压隧道,采用FLAC3D对该隧道进口段进洞开挖进行动态施工三维数值模拟。基于围岩应力分布特征,仰坡坡面轴向和横向位移的变化特征,分析了偏压浅埋隧道洞口段开挖引起的仰坡变形规律。计算结果揭示：仰坡后缘下沉,前缘向洞心外有移动趋势;隧道开挖引起隧洞洞身附近岩体出现较大应力集中和变形现象,洞口段洞身以上仰坡坡面主要以竖向沉降为主,洞身两侧向洞内挤压。在此基础上提出了保证仰坡稳定和安全进洞的一些建议。     

腾格里沙漠南部格状沙丘的形态演变及移动特征

沙丘的形态变化与移动蕴含区域风沙环境和地貌演化的关键信息,是风沙地貌研究的重要内容。以腾格里沙漠南缘的长格状和方格状沙丘为研究对象,利用风况资料和Google Earth卫星影像,监测2009—2020年两种格状沙丘的形态变化并分析其移动特征。结果表明：(1)腾格里沙漠西南缘和东南缘的主风向均为西北风,长格状沙丘分布区的次风向为东南风,方格状沙丘分布区次风向为东风和东南风,都属于低风能环境、中变率风况。西南部风能环境大于东南部,研究区近10年风动力呈衰减趋势。(2)格状沙丘的主副梁长度和间距在增加,其中,长格状沙丘高度增加,方格状沙丘高度在降低。沙丘主梁向东偏移,副梁向南偏移,形态整体保持稳定。(3)长格状沙丘平均移动速率为1.57～1.71 m·a^-1,方格状沙丘平均移动速率为1.63～2.01 m·a^-1,沙丘平均移动方向与合成输沙方向基本一致,沙丘的体积是造成移动速率差异的主因。     

Sedimentary evolution of the Holocene subaqueous clinoform off the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Western South Yellow Sea

Based on the stratigraphic sequence formed since the last glaciation and revealed by 3000 km long high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and the core QDZ03 acquired recently off the southern Shandong Peninsula, we addressed the sedimentary characteristics of a Holocene subaqueous clinoform in this paper. Integrated analyses were made on the core QDZ03, including sedimentary facies, sediment grain sizes, clay minerals, geochemistry, micro paleontology, and AMS 14 C dating. The result indicates that there exists a Holocene subaqueous clinoform, whose bottom boundary generally lies at 15–40 m below the present sea level with its depth contours roughly parallel to the coast and getting deeper seawards. The maximum thickness of the clinoform is up to 22.5 m on the coast side, and the thickness contours generally spread in a banded way along the coastline and becomes thinner towards the sea. At the mouths of some bays along the coast, the clinoform stretches in the shape of a fan and its thickness is evidently larger than that of the surrounding sediments. This clinoform came into being in the early Holocene(about 11.2 cal kyr BP) and can be divided into the lower and upper depositional units(DU 2 and DU 1, respectively). The unit DU 2, being usually less than 3 m in thickness and formed under a low sedimentation rate, is located between the bottom boundary and the Holocene maximum flooding surface(MFS), and represents the sediment of a post-glacial transgressive systems tract; whereas the unit DU 1, the main body of the clinoform, sits on the MFS, belonging to the sediment of a highstand systems tract from middle Holocene(about 7–6 cal kyr BP) to the present. The provenance of the clinoform differs from that of the typical sediments of the Yellow River and can be considered as the results of the joint contribution from both the Yellow River and the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula, as evidenced by the sediment geochemistry of the core. As is controlled mainly by coactions of multiple factors such as the Holocene sea-level changes, sediment supplies and coastal dynamic conditions, the development of the clinoform is genetically related with the synchronous clinoform or subaqueous deltas around the northeastern Shandong Peninsula and in the northern South Yellow Sea in the spatial distribution and sediment provenance, as previously reported, with all of them being formed from the initial stage of the Holocene up to the present.     

The Magnetic Topological Structure and Energy of the 2B/X2 Flare in NOAA 8100

In this paper, we reconstruct the finite energy force-free magnetic field of the active region NOAA 8100 on 4 November 1997 above the photosphere. In particular, the 3-D magnetic field structures before and after a 2B/X2 flare at 05:58 UT in this region are analyzed. The magnetic field lines were extrapolated in close coincidence with the Yohkoh soft X-ray (SXR) loops accordingly. It is found that the active region is composed of an emerging flux loop, a complex loop system with differential magnetic field shear, and large-scale, or open field lines. Similar magnetic connectivity has been obtained for both instants but apparent changes of the twisting situations of the calculated magnetic field lines can be observed that properly align with the corresponding SXR coronal loops. We conclude that this flare was triggered by the interaction of an emerging flux loop and a large loop system with differential magnetic field shear, as well as large-scale, or open field lines. The onset of the flare was at the common footpoints of several interacting magnetic loops and confined near the footpoints of the emerging flux loop. The sheared configuration remained even after the energetic flare, as demonstrated by calculated values of the twist for the loop system, which means that the active region was relaxed to a lower energy state but not completely to the minimum energy state (two days later another X-class flare occurred in this region).     

STUDIES ON TERRACES AND RIVER SYSTEM CHANGES OF THE UPPER YELLOW RIVER

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中国城市地理学近期进展

中国城市地理学的兴盛时期始于70年代中期,至80年代进入历史以来最旺盛的发展时期。城市地理学主要研究城市体系、城市化、城市地域结构与具体的大小城镇。其重要的实践领域则主要通过城市规划和区域规划、国土规划。特别是70年代中期借助于我国城市规划工作的复兴,为城市地理学的发展提供了广阔的实践基础。     

二色裂江珧EST和SOD同工酶组织特异性研究

取二色裂江珧 (Pinna bicolor)的消化盲囊、肾脏、后闭壳肌肌肉、外套膜和鳃等 5种组织 ,用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对酯酶 (EST)和过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)同工酶在上述组织中的表达和分布进行了比较研究 ,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明 ,二色裂江珧组织内的 EST和 SOD存在不同程度的组织特异性 ,EST共检测出 15条酶带 ,SOD检测出 8条酶带 ,且两种同工酶在消化盲囊中活性最高。推测 SOD由 2个座位编码 ,可分为 s- SOD二聚体和 m- SOD四聚体