对中国大陆区域地磁场提取的认识

本文从球谐函数理论的物理含义、中国地磁数据的分布情况及实际计算结果的分析,提出对当前用球谐函数拟合法提取中国大陆区域地磁异常的几点认识。     

福建岭头坪铅锌金银多金属矿地质特征及远景分析

岭头坪铅锌金银多金属矿产于南园组第二、三段中酸-酸性火山碎屑岩的夹层中,矿体呈似层状,受断裂构造及层间破碎带控制.成矿与中生代火山活动紧密相关,可能为中低温火山热液矿床.从成矿地质条件和金土壤异常分析,岭头坪矿区的周围及南、东侧以及石笋歧一带有很好的找矿前景.     

黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体

本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。     

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China. The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation. This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area, and used the Groundwater modeling system software (GMS) to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point, line, and surface development modes. The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer. The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise, while the water level on the downstream face would drop. The “line” concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m. The “surface” development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.     

基于几何坐标法的多维数据可视化技术在地质数据处理中的应用

为简单且快速地查看地质研究过程中所获得地质数据属性信息的分布特征,用VC++6.0实现了常用的基于几何坐标法的多维数据可视化方法,即平行坐标法和圆形平行坐标法。这两个方法融合了直方图和等值线图各自的优点,可以同时查看数据的频数分布及其对应的坐标,还可以通过多个坐标轴显示数据,拓宽了一个图所能承载的数据信息,因此可以用这样的一个图形总体把握数据的分布特征。该方法在澳大利亚新南威尔士州Mandamah地区铜金矿床钻孔数据的应用中,通过折线密度可以看出Au、Cu、Pb和Zn等元素都有高值突出,即高值附近折线密度稀疏,而大量数据聚集在低值附近,即低值附近折线分布密度高。     

中国海域区古近纪含煤盆地与煤系分布研究

新近纪和古近纪是全球重要的聚煤期。中国古近纪聚煤盆地分布在东部沿海省区,是全球性环太平洋聚煤带的组成部分。中国海域区含煤沉积盆地虽然也属于断陷盆地和坳陷盆地类型,且成群出现,但总体构造背景有利于含煤沉积的持续发展,盆地群连续性好,含煤沉积厚度大,如琼东南盆地、东海海域西湖凹陷,含煤沉积厚度达1 km以上,这是陆上区古近纪含煤盆地所不能相比的。研究表明,海域区的聚煤盆地内大多由若干凹陷组成,为聚煤凹陷,可分为两大类,即半地堑凹陷和地堑凹陷。根据成煤盆地的水体深浅又可分为深水半地堑凹陷和浅水半地堑凹陷,地堑凹陷均为深水凹陷。盆地内表现为明显的两个聚煤带：缓坡聚煤带和陡坡聚煤带,缓坡聚煤带占绝对优势。在潮坪体系的潮上带和潮间带沼泽,利于聚煤作用的广泛发生。泥炭的堆积可能存在两种形式：原地堆积和异地堆积。由于盆地构造的频繁活动异地堆积可能是海域区聚煤盆地成煤作用的重要形式。海域区巨厚的含煤沉积为海域区煤成气成藏提供了丰厚的物质基础。又由于含煤地层埋深大,煤的变质作用程度相对较高,成为良好的烃源岩。     

Fine assessment of tropical cyclone disasters based on GIS and SVM in Zhejiang Province, China

Tropical cyclones represent major natural disasters in low- and mid-latitude coastal areas. Effective assessment of tropical cyclone disasters provides a scientific reference for the formulation of tropical cyclone prevention and disaster-relief measures. Tropical cyclone disasters in Zhejiang Province are mainly studied based on GIS technology, by considering disaster-causing factors, disaster-affected bodies, the disaster-formative environment, and spatial distribution of disaster prevention and relief capacity. In light of an uncertain nonlinear relationship between assessment factors and disaster factors, we used support vector machines to establish a fine, quantitative assessment model. This model evaluates the following disaster indices: Disaster-affected population, direct economic loss, affected crop area, and number of damaged houses resulting from a tropical cyclone disaster in Zhejiang, with the county as basic assessment unit. Assessment of tropical cyclone No. 0908 shows that the developed assessment model is able to accurately evaluate the geographical distribution of losses caused by a tropical cyclone.     

Evaluation of land subsidence by considering underground structures that penetrate the aquifers of Shanghai, China

Underground structures that penetrate into aquifers can cause groundwater-level drawdown and land subsidence. Numerical analyses, based on a three-dimensional (3-D) groundwater flow model incorporated with a 1-D consolidation model, have been conducted to assess the behaviour of seepage and effect on subsidence by considering underground structures in the multi-aquifer?Caquitard system of Shanghai, China. Two extreme scenarios were examined: (1) distributed underground structures, and (2) concentrated underground structures around the heavily urbanized area. In the first scenario, the aquifer with underground structures was substituted with another material that possessed a lower hydraulic conductivity, established using the effective-medium theory; when the ratio of the volume of the underground structures to that of selected aquifer layers??(1) low-pressure partially-confined aquifer (Aq02), (2) the first confined aquifer (AqI), and (3) the second confined aquifer (AqII)??increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 3, 3 and 32?%, respectively. In the second scenario, part of the aquifer material was directly replaced by the structure material (very low hydraulic conductivity). In this situation, when the ratio of the volume of the underground structure to the volume of aquifers Aq02, AqI or AqII increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 5, 8 or 20?%, respectively.     

羌塘岩带碰撞后超钾质火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

羌塘超钾质火山岩为板块碰撞后的产物,地球化学特征表明,其同时具有板内火山岩和俯冲带岛弧火山岩的双重地球化学特性。化学组成上富含轻稀土和大离子亲石元素而亏损Cr、Ni等相容元素。在成因上受分离结晶作用和源区混合作用共同制约。源区为受古俯冲上地壳物质和下地幔上升流体交代混合的EMII型富集地幔端元,可能富含角闪石和金云母等矿物。     

The generation kinetics of natural gases in the Kela-2 gas field from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, northwestern China

The Kela-2 gas field, found in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, is a large-sized dry gas field (C1 /C1-5 =0.992 0.999) and characterized by ultra-high pressure (pressure factor up to 2.0 2.2). The pyrolysis experiment was carried out under isothermal gold-tube closed system, with samples collected from the Jurassic coal, Jurassic mudstone and Triassic mudstone in the Kuqa Depression. The result of gas yield showed that the Middle and Lower Jurassic source rocks have higher gas generation potential than the Triassic source rocks. The kinetic modeling of gas generation and methane carbon isotope fractionation suggested that the Kela-2 gases belong to the products of high-over mature stages and were mainly derived from the Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-bearing strata. The Triassic source rocks made a minor contribution to the Kela-2 gases. The Kela-2 gases chiefly generated from coal-bearing source rocks with R o values from 1.3% to 2.5%, and thus primarily accumulated after 5 Ma.