中太平洋海盆碳酸钙溶解带及其特征

本文通过对不同水深区沉积物中组分、生物面貌、矿物、ＣａＣＯ３含量和碳酸钙溶解率等特征的分析和对比，把本区碳酸钙溶解深度带划分为碳酸钙溶跃面（小于３７００ｍ）、弱溶带（３７００～４８００ｍ）、强溶带（４８００～５２００ｍ）和全溶带（大于５２００ｍ）。提出本海域碳酸钙补偿深度界面约在５２００ｍ。文中还阐述了不同碳酸钙溶解带及其沉积物特征，认为造成这种特征的主要原因是随着水深变化碳酸钙溶解程度不同以及与南极底层流等因素的影响有关。     

基于多种生物指数的中国渤海莱州湾海域底栖生境健康评价

As an important part of the Bohai economic rim, the Laizhou Bay has been stressed by serious eco-environmental problems in recent years. In this study, the Shannon-Wiener index(H′), AZTI's marine biotic index(AMBI) and the multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI) were used to assess the ecological quality status(EQS) of the Laizhou Bay according to macrobenthos data collected annually in August 2011–2014. The results showed that the overall benthic habitat quality in the Laizhou Bay was assessed as "Good". However, 25% of the samples were classified as"Moderate", "Bad" or "Poor" status under degraded conditions. Ecological group Ⅲ(EGⅢ) species which had a certain tolerance to environmental disturbances had a higher proportion in each station, and most of them had appeared the pollution indicator species Capitella capitata. This indicated that the benthic habitat in the Laizhou Bay had been disturbed and polluted to some extent. The comparison of the three indices evaluation result and the RDA analysis showed that the H′ and M-AMBI were more suitable when the relative abundance of the single species was high and the macrobenthic community was significantly imbalanced; when the relative abundance of opportunistic species(EGIV and EGV) was high, the AMBI and M-AMBI could reflected the EQS objectively; in an undisturbed and polluted environment, all the three indices could indicate the benthic habitats quality. In summary, the better correlation between the three indices and environmental factors showed that they were well responsive to the tendency of the benthic habitats quality in the Laizhou Bay.     

冲绳海槽的深源矿物碳硅石

在冲绳海槽南部海底沉积物中，首次发现了颗粒状α－碳硅石晶体，产地水深为１５００－２０００ｍ，地表变化复杂，有海底山存在，当地沉积物为灰褐色软泥，伴生有较多的火山喷发型碎屑矿物，其中钛铁矿，辉石等晶形完好，表面有熔蚀现象，不同世代晶体的连生现象也较普遍。此外还有钩鱼岛石，刚玉，石榴石，磁铁矿，磁黄铁矿等。     

Relationship between deep-sea fish distributions and oceanic conditions of the East China Sea

Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｄｅｅｐ－ｓｅａｆｉｓｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥ＳｈｅｎＪｉｎ＇ａｏ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ１７，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ...     

Determination of wave energy dissipation factor and numerical simulation of wave height in the surf zone

Based on the time-dependent mild slope equation including the effect of wave energy dissipation, an expression for the energy dissipation factor is derived in conjunction with the wave energy balance equation. The wave height of regular and irregular waves is numerically simulated by use of the parabolic mild slope equation considering the energy dissipation due to wave breaking. Comparison of numerical results with experimental data shows that the expression for the energy dissipation factor is reasonable. The effects of the wave breaking coefficient on the breaking point and the distribution of wave height after breaking are discussed through the study of a specific experimental topography.     

南沙群岛多毛类背褶沙蚕属一新种

于１９８８年，中国科学院南海海洋研究所在南沙群岛进行综合考察，在采集到的多毛类标本中，发现了背褶沙蚕Ｔａｍｂａｌａｇａｍｉａ的一新种，其与代表种背褶沙蚕Ｔ．ｆａｕｖｅｌｉ和东方背褶沙蚕Ｔ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ在眼、双背须出现的刚节数以及背须的形状等有明显的区别，故定名为中华背褶沙蚕Ｔａｍｂａｌａｇａｍｉａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ，模式标本保存于中国科学院南海海洋研究所。     

江汉平原地下水化学特征及水流系统分析

江汉平原水质性缺水问题日益突出,识别江汉平原地下水流系统分布模式,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义.选取江汉平原典型区域,综合水文地质条件、水动力场及水化学同位素指标深入分析地下水补给过程、水岩作用及滞留时间.得出由于碳酸盐岩的溶解,研究区的地下水化学类型属于HCO3-Ca (Mg)型.地下水中典型离子随深度增加逐渐降低,同位素随深度增加逐渐偏负,表现出地下水流系统呈局部与区域水流系统的特点,系统深度界限在10~20m.独立而复杂的局部水流系统在平枯水期地下水向河渠地表水排泄.根据3H的含量,局部水流为现代水,水循环交替迅速.受地形控制,中深层地下水总体由西和西北向东和东南径流,汇入汉江和长江,为区域水流系统.由于补给源的高程效应,区域水流的18O值存在明显分区,指示不同的补给来源与水流路径.山前丘陵区基本为现代水,向平原腹地纵深至汉江和长江排泄区,地下水年龄在几百年至6000a不等,水循环交替缓慢.研究发现江汉平原低洼排泄区存在区域水流的顶托补给,可为原生劣质水的分布与聚集研究提供依据.     

一种新的预报晴空湍流综合算法

介绍了晴空湍流及其相关的湍流指数,以及通过对9个指数进行加权综合得到的一个综合预报算法。利用T213模式资料,计算了9个湍流指数,并分别用12个北京地区的飞机颠簸个例进行验证,得到各湍流指数的预报结果;在此基础上,应用新的综合算法,得到一个综合预报结果。计算结果表明,虽然理查孙数和风相关指数、MOSCAT概率预报因子指数的预报效果相对较好,但是这三个指数的预报范围和强度均偏大,容易出现空报;综合算法则较好地综合各个指数,预报区域相对集中,预报强度也较符合实际情况,空报的情况也得到了相应的改善,总体预报效果较好