Orthorectification of IKONOS and impact of different resolution DEM

IKONOS image has been wildly used in city planning, precision agriculture and emergence response. However, the accuracy of IKONOS Geo product is limited due to distortion caused by terrain relief. Orthorectification was performed to remove the distortion and the impact of different DEM on orthorectification were evaluated. 38 ground control points （GCPs） and 25 independent check points （ICPs） were collected. DEMs were generated from 1 ： 10 000 and 1 ： 50 000 topographic maps. Results show that RMS error at the check points is 1. 554 0 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 10 000 topographic map, which can meet the accuracy requirement of IKONOS Precision product （1.9 m RMSE）. While RMS error is 2. 572 4 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 50 000 topographic map.     

龙骨坡遗址第7水平层石制品新材料

文章记述并分析了20世纪90年代后期重庆巫山龙骨坡遗址出土于第7水平层的16件石制品,包括若干各具特色的工具类型,如原型手镐、原型薄刃斧、大型尖刃器、直刃砍砸器、凸刃砍砸器、长刃石刀、短刃石刀、刮削器、凿刃器等,反映出石器制作者明确的工作目标和为了达到目标所经历的一个又一个中间过程;说明了当时的人类对工具制作的具体需求和适当利用自然环境的事实。研究证据还体现了大约200万年前华南早期人类工具类型的多样性与特殊性,标志着中国早期人类在当时阶段所达到的技术发展水平。龙骨坡遗址很可能是东亚早期人类文化的一个发祥地。     

华东地区态矢量的研究

态矢量来源于统计物理学,是对连续场进行粗粒化描述的方法。尹祥础等把该方法移植到地震学中用以定量刻画地震活动性的演化,取得较好的结果。作者对华东地区1970年以来发生5级以上12次地震进行了分析,总结震前态矢量的变化情况,发现震前态矢量均有显著变化,为本地区地震趋势预测提供一定的参考价值。     

固体潮观测数据预处理中的常用方法及计算机实现

从地震台站产出的原始地形变前兆数据出发,提出实际操作性较强的预处理方法,从已编制好的软件中给出处理实例,从而提高地震台站观测人员的科研能力,填补资料预处理方面的某些空白,对于地震台站人员集观测、科研于一体有着十分重要的意义。从95-01-02项目厦门地震台前兆数据预处理的实践表明:这些方法取得了明显的实效,直到今天仍然具有很大的使用价值。     

首都圈数字地震台网地震事件波形的管理与服务

介绍了首都圈数字地震台网地震事件波形数据的管理和服务系统的基本功能及使用方法,该系统利用GMT,SAC作为后台处理软件,通过perl,Unix Shell程序实现首都圈地震事件波形数据的网络发布。     

固体潮汐理论值算法在VB 6.0中的应用与实现

太阳和月球对地球的力学影响在地球科学研究中占有重要地位,但目前对该物理量的计算还没有人机交互很好的计算软件。本文在前人引潮位计算基础上,使用了面向对象的程序设计方法,编制了界面友好的固体潮汐理论值计算软件。介绍了该软件的设计思路和基本功能。该软件采用窗口界面进行输入和输出,数据显示以波形图为主。软件的友好界面增强了数据分析的直观性,为固体潮理论的推广应用和教学奠定了一定的基础。     

低周反复荷载下两跨两层轻钢框架抗震性能试验研究

本文通过两跨两层轻钢框架试件的低周反复加载试验,研究了轻钢框架结构在地震作用下的滞回性能、耗能机制、耗能能力、刚度退化和破坏形态,结果显示轻钢框架具有很好的抗震性能,节点域耗能能力强。论文结论可为多层轻钢框架的抗震设计提供依据。     

Early solar system aqueous activity: K isotope evidence from Allende

The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K₂O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ⁴¹K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K₂O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ⁴¹K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K₂O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ⁴¹K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation.     

加密自动气象站实时监控与查询显示系统

张家口于2005年建立首批60套雨量、温度两要素加密自动气象站,并于汛期投入应用.为有效利用加密 自动气象站资料,充分发挥加密自动气象站资料高时空分辨率的特点,结合日常业务运行流程和公众服务的需求, 研制了"加密自动气象站实时监控与查询显示系统".该系统集数据查询、统计计算、自动绘制雨量等值线图、文件 输出、报警监控等于一体,具有界面美观、易于操作、自动化程度高等特点.业务运行表明该系统功能实用、运行稳 定、查询速度快、输出图表清晰美观,适合在基层业务部门推广应用.     

气象装备保障效能评估技术

随着气象部门装备保障业务重要性的不断提高,开展装备保障评估方法的研究,对保障质量进行科学评价成为一个新的课题。就监控、维护和维修3个装备保障子业务分别建立了各自的评估体系,还利用监控、维护和维修业务的独立性,提出了根据业务单位职责的组成,使用监控率、故障率和维修率三者的加权平均值评估装备保障综合效能的方法,对建立装备保障业务的考核体系有一定的参考借鉴意义。