Characteristics analysis of spatial and temporal variation on extreme weather events in Anhui Province for recent 50 years

To mitigate the impact of natural or man-made hazards on the services of an infrastructure facility, it is important to quantitatively assess its available capacity. For example, in a post-disaster scenario, critical infrastructure is likely to experience (i) excessive demand for the service of an infrastructure and/or (ii) compromised capacity because of damage to the infrastructure and the failure of infrastructure interdependencies. As the demand grows and nears the capacity limit of an infrastructure facility, a shortage of services required for the community’s recovery will occur. The development of mitigation strategies and an assessment of their effectiveness require a systematic approach. In this paper, a functional stress–strain principle for infrastructure facilities is proposed to quantitatively assess their serviceability in post-disaster scenarios. Functional stress in infrastructure management represents a service-related demand on an infrastructure facility, while strain indicates its coping capacity. The dynamic nature of infrastructure services will be considered depending on the relationship between demand and available capacity. The allowable range of functional stress is then defined, considering plastic and elastic patterns of responses of a facility during recovery to explore strain capacity variations. The proposed principle facilitates a systematic understanding of how infrastructure facilities can adapt themselves to growing stress and the maximum level of stress they can handle. The application of the proposed functional stress–strain principle is demonstrated through case studies of two infrastructure facilities in a post-earthquake scenario: a medical facility and a power facility.     

西部大开发中的科技伦理调控

在阐述西部大开发中科技主导地位的基础上 ,从科技应用成效二重性的视角 ,探讨了关注西部科技伦理的必要性 ,并初步提出了西部大开发战略的科技伦理调控机制     

伪随机码调制的CW半导体激光雷达试制报告

本文报告一种用半导体激光器作光源,用子脉冲宽度100ns,长度为511的周期伪随机码对半导体激光器的输出作幅度调制;APD作光电检测器,高速数字信号处理器TMS320C25作信号处理的激光雷达组成方案和试作样机的实验结果。     

Challenges in developing China's marine protected area system

Since the 1980s, there have been continuous increases in the coverage of marine protected areas (MPAs) in China, and a total of 158 MPAs have been declared. The MPA system in China is characterized by (1) decentralised designation and management with reduced control from the central government; (2) a dominance of de jure fully protected MPAs that are often implemented as de facto multiple-use areas; and (3) a lack of objective evaluation processes. To improve China's MPA system requires an appropriate integration of fully protected and multiple-use MPAs, and an approach that balances the advantages of top-down and bottom-up approaches.     

某些硫化物矿物中Fe的价态电子探针分析

对湖南上堡、郴县及胶东地区5个黄铁矿样品和5个黄铜矿样品进行的穆斯堡尔谱及电子探针(波谱仪)的分析得出:含Fe~(2+)的黄铁矿中Fe的纯离子浓度I_(La)/I_(Ka)值为0.65±0.05,含Fe~(3+)的黄铜矿中Fe的纯离子浓度,I_(La)/I_(ka)值为0.40士0.05.可见,随Fe价态的升高,比值I_(La)/I_(ka)反而降低.     

应用~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年技术研究清原花岗岩-绿岩地体的形成时代

辽宁清原绿岩地层自下而上分为榆树底组、红透山组和南天门组。小莱河铁矿区榆树底组斜长角闪岩岩石化学性质和稀土元素分布曲线表明,该岩石的原岩属太古代亏损型(DAT)拉斑玄武岩。此斜长角闪岩中的角闪石的两个~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱给出该岩石的变质作用发生在29.9亿年。清原绿岩地层形成时代可能在30亿年或稍早一些。全球范围绿岩地层的年龄是35—19亿年,峰值是27亿年.清原绿岩地层的早期形成年龄则大于全球绿岩的峰值年龄。     

安徽泾县-南陵地区二叠纪沉积相与沉积环境分析

安徽泾县—南陵地区二叠系较发育,主要由碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和碎屑岩组成。二叠系船山组为浅水碳酸盐台地相;栖霞组底部碎屑岩段是滨海沼泽相,臭灰岩段和上、下富硅质灰岩段是水体较深的斜坡中部相,中部灰岩段是浅水开阔碳酸盐台地相,而顶部灰岩段是缓斜坡上部相;孤峰组和大隆组是缺氧滞流环境下的深水盆地至盆地边缘相;武穴组是碳酸盐台地相,银屏组属于滨海潟湖相;龙潭组是一套海陆交互的三角洲相沉积,包括从三角洲前缘到三角洲平原两个亚相,而泾县昌桥龙潭组顶部发育的生物碎屑灰岩属于开阔碳酸盐台地相。纵观二叠纪有三次大的海侵和两次大的海退旋回,海侵时间分别是:栖霞早期、茅口早期和长兴早期,海退时间分别是:紫松—隆林期末和茅口期末,其中栖霞期还包含两个海侵海退的亚旋回。     

基于模糊层次分析法对“一带一路”重要区域地质灾害危险性评价——以关中经济区为例

在“一带一路”沿线区域开展地质灾害危险性评价与区划具有重大意义。本文以关中经济区为例,综合考虑地质灾害特点、分布规律与孕灾环境等要素,基于坡度和地形起伏度的组合,提出了地质灾害安全区域与非安全区域的初步识别方法。在此基础上,采用模糊层次分析法和GIS空间分析方法对地质灾害各孕灾因子进行了危险性等级评价,并分别进行了单因子和多因子综合制图与结果验证。研究结果表明：1）地质灾害安全区域与非安全区域的初步判识,对灾害风险管理和降低防灾减灾成本有重要参考价值,也大大提高了地质灾害评价区域的针对性和准确性。2）研究区地质灾害安全区域面积占比22.9%（17054.5km²）,非安全区域占比77.1%（57462.6km²）,轻度危险区、低危险区、中危险区和高危险区面积分别占非安全区域面积的17.2%、32.2%、32.0%、18.6%,以中、低危险性为主（64.2%）。高危险性区域集中分布在关中经济区的西北、西南、东南部,而轻度危险性区域集中分布在关中平原以南地区,呈现出东西走向的“条带状”。3）共计3230个灾害点中,仅有3.3%（106个）的灾害点分布在安全区域中,其余96.7%（3124个）的灾害点均分布在非安全区域之中。分布在轻度危险、低危险、中危险和高危险区域中的分别有328个（10.2%）、765个（23.7%）、1007个（31.2%）、1024个（31.7%）,这与危险性等级区划结果具有很好的一致性。表明本文提出的地质灾害安全区域识别方法和地质灾害危险性区划方法具有一定的科学性和准确性。

     

我国可降水量同地面水汽压关系的经验表达式

本文根据1992～1993年全国20个台站地面及高空气象要素资料，拟合出各个站所在地区整层大气可降水量和有效水汽含量同地面水汽压之间的经验关系式。计算结果表明，可降水量和相应的地面水汽压之间，存在着良好的数值对应关系。仅利用地面水汽压计算出的整层大气可降水量和有效水汽含量，同实际情况符合得很好，平均相对误差普遍小于15％。因此，这些经验关系式具有良好的实际应用价值。     

河北小营盘石英—碳酸盐型金矿成矿地质特征

小营盘金矿赋存在稳定的缓倾斜石英脉中，但单纯的白色石英脉仅有微弱矿化，只有经过Ｓ懊断层剪切拉张破裂和叠加铁白云石化及硫化物蚀变的石英脉才能成为矿体，金矿体的顶底面常被铁白云石蚀变岩和糜棱岩所包裹，而且部分蚀变岩的金含量也达到工业品位，石英脉与蚀变岩作用构成矿体。因此，早期金成矿作用的时代大致与铁白云蚀变同期，含金铁白云石蚀变岩的δ＾１３Ｃ值平均为－４．１３‰，Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线年龄为２７１１±２３８