Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China’s Tourism Industry

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.     

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)IKK基因的克隆及其在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的表达分析

利用构建的青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)转录组文库,筛选到青蛤IKK基因的类似序列。经设计引物克隆比对后确认为CsIKK基因。利用生物信息学软件在线对该基因进行结构分析。采用PCR技术克隆基因,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术克隆得到CsIKK基因在青蛤五个不同组织中的表达情况及在鳗弧菌(Vibrioanguillarum)的刺激下IKK基因在青蛤血淋巴中的时序性表达情况。综合结果得到, CsIKK基因序列开放阅读框长2298bp,编码765个氨基酸。IKK基因在青蛤的血淋巴、外套膜、闭壳肌、肝脏、性腺和鳃六个组织中均表达,在血淋巴中表达量最高。青蛤IKK基因在鳗弧菌胁迫下表达量在6h时达到最大值,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01),表明该基因所指导的蛋白是青蛤重要的免疫信号通路蛋白。     

湘黔桂毗邻地区南华纪岩相古地理特征及地质意义

为了寻找连续完整且有研究价值的南华系剖面、推进南华系建系工作。本文依据对湘黔桂交界地区南华系主要剖面观察研究所获资料,以沉积岩相类型分析、分布特点为线索,划分出了12种沉积岩相类型,在此基础上反演南华纪各主要阶段古地理环境。得出:南华纪湘黔桂交界地区北西侧为古陆、南东侧为南华裂谷盆地,南华纪早晚两个冰期仅在古陆与盆地过渡的浅海地带,也就是现今的湘黔桂交界地区存在连续完整的沉积,连续完整的具研究价值的南华系剖面应在该区域寻找这一结论。     

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利用ITS-5.8S rDNA序列对2株海洋亚历山大藻进行的分子鉴定

扩增2株分离自青岛胶州湾、从形态上初步确定为亚历山大藻属(Alexandrium sp. qd2, Alexandrium sp. qd3)的5.8S 核糖体基因(5.8S rDNA), 转录单元内间隔区(Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS) 序列、部分18S rDNA和28S rDNA序列.通过blastn比对、系统进化树以及遗传距离分析将A.sp.qd2和A.sp.qd3鉴定为A.catenella,且属于A.catenella 的不同株型.     

1010号台风“莫兰蒂”对福建近海风场的影响及其成因分析

分析福建沿岸区域气象自动站、近海气象浮标站等有关风的精细观测资料以及NCEP再分析、雷达反演风场等资料,研究了2010年第10号台风"莫兰蒂"影响福建期间,福建近海风场分布的特点及其成因,以寻找台风影响时福建近海风场预报的着眼点.结果表明:受到环境场及台湾海峡狭管效应,气流与中央山脉之间绕流、阻挡等共同作用,1010号台风"莫兰蒂"影响福建期间,大风在海区上主要集中分布在台风环流东部和福建北部海区;福建中部沿海最早出现大风;而大部分台风影响时间中,中部沿海风力大于北部、南部沿海风力,呈现中间大两头小的布局.特别是1010号台风"莫兰蒂",进入台湾海峡后发展成微型台风,靠近台风的测站在台风临近时才大风突起.而这种微型台风,大风天气突发性强,在风的精细预报中要特别注意短时临近的监控监测.对比各种资料的应用效果表明:NCEP再分析资料反映的主要是海区的大风分布;雷达反演风场,必须结合实况资料验证,具有一定的参考价值;近海浮标站资料,能较早反映台风影响时风场的演变特点,但近海浮标站所观测的海区风力不一定大于相近的沿岸区域气象自动站所观测的沿海风力,二者所观测到的风力、风向的变化与台风位置密切相关.在业务预报中,对近海浮标站资料的应用,还需深入研究,具体情况具体分析.     

藻类磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因的序列结构特点及系统进化分析

磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因(phosphomannose isomerase,PMI)编码磷酸甘露糖异构酶(PMI),可逆催化甘露糖-6-磷酸和果糖-6-磷酸之间的相互转化,在GDP-D-甘露糖的合成中起重要的作用,后者是生物体合成糖蛋白和糖脂必需的前体物质。本文根据在Genbank中已经登录的部分藻类PMI基因序列,与部分细菌、真菌、植物和动物的PMI基因序列做比较,研究其进化趋势和规律及其基因结构,为以后在大型藻类中研究该基因奠定基础。系统进化分析表明,藻类的PMI基因有2个进化方向,绿藻类的PMI基因与高等植物的进化趋势一致;而杂色藻类(硅藻和褐藻)则单独形成一个进化分支。多序列比对表明,磷酸甘露糖异构酶蛋白有3个保守区,其中有4个氨基酸残基位点是金属离子结合位点,分别为2个Glu和2个His。对部分藻类的PMI基因进行结构分析表明:在比较低等的藻类中,PMI基因没有内含子插入,而较高等的藻类中则有不同数目和长度的内含子插入。对部分藻类PMI基因的生物信息学分析结果显示,PMI基因编码的蛋白为酸性蛋白,分子量在40到60kDa之间;二级结构中均以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;三级结构与二级结构相吻合。     

广西北海涠洲岛海岸侵蚀特征

通过对2006-2013年布设在涠洲岛的15条岸滩剖面3次重复测量和数据对比分析,发现涠洲岛岸线整体遭受侵蚀.岸滩剖面长期变化特征表明,涠洲岛东部与西南部海岸侵蚀较为严重,西南部岸段年均下蚀可达0.18 m;正北部岸滩海岸侵蚀程度相对较轻,南湾段海岸整体变化较小,呈现弱侵蚀弱淤积变化.在短期强热带风暴影响下,冬季至夏季岸滩下蚀明显.     

Characterization of marine microplankton communities of Qingdao coastal areas using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）

Microplankton communities of three coastal sites of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular markers and morphological observations. Eight RAPD-primers were selected to amplify the DNA polymorphy. The genetic distances inferred from the pairwise similari-ties were calculated for the phylogenetic tree construction. Meantime, the traditional microscopic determination, a way of visualizing the species composition, was performed to detect the major taxa of microplanktons from all samples. Results showed that: (1) the band sharing index values were in the range of 0. 504 2-0. 763 2 among samples from the same sampling site at different time scales, while 0.406 5-0.685 7 among the samples from different stations at the same time scales, indicating that spatial variations of microplankton communities were more pronounced than temporal ones; (2) samples from the same station basically clustered together, cor-responding to the geographic distribution of the sampling sites; (3) diversity derived from genetic and morpho-logical data did not correspond with each other well.     

渤海冰-海洋耦合模式Ⅰ.模式和参数研究

在国内外冰-海洋耦合模式研究基础上,根据渤海水文、气象和冰情特点,以国家海洋环境预报中心的渤海海冰预报模式和POM海洋模式为基础,开发了一个冰-海洋耦合模式.在该耦合模式中,冰和海洋之间的动量和热量交换是双向的,冰厚和冰密集度的变化不仅由冰表面和冰底的热收支决定,还由开阔水的表面热收支决定.侧重阐述了耦合模式的动力和热力学过程的耦合,并对模式中一些热力参数进行了讨论.