Groundwater Systems and Resources in the Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is a large-scale sedimentary basin in northwestern China. The hydrostratigraphic units from bottom to top are pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks, Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic clastic rocks and Cenozoic deposits. The total thickness is up to 6000 m. Three groundwater systems are present in the Ordos Basin, based on the geological settings, i.e. the karst groundwater system, the Cretaceous clastic groundwater system and the Quaternary groundwater system. This paper describes systematically the groundwater flow patterns of each system and overall assessment of groundwater resources.     

扩展SQL语句操纵空间数据方法研究

在GIS中对空间数据库的操作,难点在于采用统一的查询语言SQL对空间数据的操纵。该问题的实现需要对现有SQL语言进行扩展,使之能够识别和处理对空间数据进行操纵的语句。本文围绕分析空间查询语句结构的全过程,采用中间件对标准的SQL语言功能进行扩展。提出了一种以语法树生成原理实现标准SQL语句和扩展SQL语句的分析和进行功能分解的具体方法,展示了以中间件封装空间操作的SQL词法分析、SQL语法分析的具体实现,并给出了具体的算例。本文提出的方法为进一步研究与开发空间查询语言,空间数据操纵语言的实现提供了基础。     

用谱分解法求解自适应因子值

在序贯平差自适应因子取值范围确定的情况下,以均方误差作为评判未知参数解优劣的标准,利用谱分解的方法求该范围内最佳的自适应因子值,并给出了相应的计算步骤和公式推导,为了说明该方法的正确性和合理性,将它与方差分量估计法进行计算和比较。结果证明利用该方法求解出的自适应因子值不仅使均方误差达到最小,而且使求解后得到的结果具有一定的实际意义。     

部分熔融与高级变质岩流变机制——以内蒙古大青山高级变质岩为例

部分熔融作用与高级变质岩变形作用是相互制约,变形作用能够提高岩石部分熔融程度,降低熔融温度。熔体存在影响和制约岩石强度和变形机制。大青山高级岩经历了下部地壳构造层次变质变形和深熔作用改造,形成了复杂构造要素组合。宏观与微观构造特点表明:高级变质岩变形机制主要为熔体增强颗粒边界扩散和颗粒流动,使岩石发生大规模的塑性流动。在宏观上形成了不对称流动组构、熔融线理、岩石和矿物条带、层内底辟褶皱和大型穹窿构造。但是,在微观上矿物颗粒变形不明显,晶内变形组构不发育,表现为三边平衡结构,与静态结晶变质岩结构相似,形成了地壳深部构造层次上变质构造岩-构造片麻岩。     

原油中硫代金刚烷的分析鉴定和地球化学应用

硫代金刚烷在原油中普遍存在,其独特的分子结构和形成过程使其在石油工业中具有广泛应用。对目前在硫代金刚烷分析鉴别、成因机制、热稳定性和在油气领域应用等方面的研究进展及存在问题进行了系统总结。结果表明:目前原油中硫代金刚烷主要包括烃源岩生烃演化和热化学硫酸盐还原(TSR)作用两种成因机制,其中烃源岩生烃演化可形成原油中初始含量的硫代金刚烷,TSR作用可进一步生成大量的硫代金刚烷;硫代金刚烷的笼数越高热稳定性越高,在高成熟时可以发生热裂解作用;硫代金刚烷随TSR作用增强而不断富集,是TSR作用可靠的分子标志物;硫代金刚烷的δ^34S值通过TSR作用来改变,能够反映TSR作用的成因类型;在未遭受TSR作用的前提下,原油中硫代金刚烷的初始含量和δ^34S值代表着原始烃源岩的特征,可以应用于原油族群的划分。从目前的研究现状来看,硫代金刚烷的具体成因机制和详细的热稳定性界限还不甚明确;应用硫代金刚烷的含量来判识TSR作用时,要结合硫同位素和其他指标参数等结果才最为可靠;硫代金刚烷目前主要应用于TSR作用判识研究,在油-油对比和油-源对比方面的研究尚待进一步加强。     

夏玉米倒伏模拟试验及遥感监测

针对传统的玉米倒伏人工灾害评估方法效率低、随机性大等缺点,该文提出了一种基于遥感技术的方法,设计了田间模拟试验。利用ASD光谱仪采集倒伏玉米的冠层光谱数据,并与未倒伏玉米的光谱数据进行比较。结果显示了倒伏玉米和未倒伏玉米冠层光谱之间存在一定程度的差异。利用夏玉米NDVI值的改变,采用两期遥感影像对山东淄博市桓台县夏玉米倒伏情况进行了监测。结果表明,基于遥感数据的NDVI方法在一定程度上可以有效监测玉米倒伏。     

像元结构指数的平面道路交叉口提取方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像中道路交叉口难以用固定几何和光谱特征描述的问题,该文提出了一种基于像元结构指数的交叉口提取方法。采用自适应光谱异质性阈值来提取像元形状特征,较好地适应了不同交叉口之间的场景特征差异;构建了像元形状与交叉口结构的量化映射关系,赋予特征语义信息,从而保证了提取结果的合理性。基于城区复杂场景高分遥感影像的交叉口提取实验表明:所提方法能够准确定位交叉口中心点,并检测道路交叉结构;另外,该方法对于交叉口支路发生变化的情况也具有适用性,定性与定量分析表明了该文方法的有效性。     

Derivation of Cloud-Free-Region Atmospheric Motion Vectors from FY-2E Thermal Infrared Imagery

The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors(AMVs) in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the retrieved AMVs are mostly in the upper troposphere. As the noise-equivalent temperature difference(NEd T) performance of FY-2E split window(10.3–11.5 μm, 11.6–12.8 μm) channels has been improved, the weak signals representing the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols in cloud-free areas can be strengthened with algorithms based on the difference principle, and applied in calculating AMVs in the lower troposphere. This paper is a preliminary summary for this purpose, in which the principles and algorithm schemes for the temporal difference, split window difference and second-order difference(SD) methods are introduced. Results from simulation and cases experiments are reported in order to verify and evaluate the methods, based on comparison among retrievals and the "truth". The results show that all three algorithms, though not perfect in some cases,generally work well. Moreover, the SD method appears to be the best in suppressing the surface temperature influence and clarifying the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols. The accuracy with respect to NCEP 800 h Pa reanalysis data was found to be acceptable, as compared with the accuracy of the cloud motion vectors.     

高分辨率遥感影像的随机森林变化检测方法

基于面向对象分析(OBIA)的遥感影像变化检测研究已取得显著的进展,代表了遥感影像变化检测的发展范式,未来是发展更加智能的解译分析方法。随机森林作为一种新的机器学习算法,其预测效果和性能稳定性要优于许多单预测器和集成预测方法。本文充分利用OBIA及随机森林机器学习算法的优势,提出了利用随机森林进行面向对象的遥感影像变化检测。首先基于熵率对影像进行超像素分割,通过最优超像素个数评价指数来获取最佳的影像分割结果,并提取每个超像素在前、后时相影像上的光谱特征和Gabor特征作为随机森林的特征输入数据,用于模型的训练。在初始像素级检测结果之上,自动进行分类样本选择并构建分类器模型,用训练好的模型来提取最终的变化区域。利用Quickbird、IKONOS、SPOT-5等3组多光谱影像进行试验,结果表明,本文方法在变化检测精度上要优于对比方法。     

Feeding broodstocks different starfish diets affect growth and survival of larvae of trumpet shell (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Charonia lampas sauliae</Emphasis> Reeve 1844)

Trumpet shell (Charonia lampas sauliae) (Mollusca, Heterogastropoda, Cymatidae) has extensive economic value. Studies on the artificial larval development of C. lampas sauliae for aquaculture utilization have become especially important due to the finite natural resources. In the present study, the growth and survival rate of the larvae of C. lampas sauliae broodstocks fed three types of starfish diets, Asterina pectinifera Müller & Troschel 1842, A. amurensis Lütken 1871 and their mixture were compared. The larval size increased gradually between day 10 and day 20 after hatching at 15°C and 20°C. No difference was found in body size and specific growth rate (SGR) (two-way ANOVA; P > 0.05). However, during transition from trochophore to veliger stage 20 days after hatching, significant increases in larval survival and growth rates were observed. The maximum survival rate was observed on day 10. The mean survival rate was 0.463, 0.730 and 0.515 at 15°C, and 0.369, 0.713 and 0.444 at 20°C when A. pectinifera, A. amurensis and their mixture were fed, respectively. The SGR and survival rate of the larvae were definitely influenced by the diets (P < 0.05), and the effect of A. amurensis alone was higher than that of A. pectinifera alone and their mixture.