利用凹凸体判断柯坪块体地震危险性

将柯坪块体作为研究对象,利用最大似然法进行b值计算,并结合利用双差定位法对柯坪块体上发生的M_L≥1.6地震重定位后的结果,寻找沿柯坪块体主要断裂带的凹凸体。研究发现,柯坪块体上发生地震的震中主要沿断裂带分布,沿柯坪塔格逆断裂带存在凹凸体,该区域虽已发生大地震,但依然处于高应力水平,因此初步判定沿柯坪塔格逆断裂带仍存在发生地震的危险性。     

玛多地震中大野马岭大桥震害机理分析

2021年5月22日青海玛多发生了M_s7.4级地震,从地震中桥梁震害情况看:此次地震的特点是断层北侧震害轻,南侧震害重。位于断层南侧的野马滩大桥是简支梁桥,发生大量落梁,是此次地震中受损最为严重的大桥之一;而位于北侧的大野马岭大桥是连续梁桥,仅发生了部分挡块开裂。其中原因值得深入研究。本文通过有限元分析软件Midas/Civil建立大野马岭大桥（上行线）模型,进行地震反应分析,讨论分析了大野马岭大桥在此次地震中的震害机理。发现南北向的地震动是造成该桥横向挡块破坏的主要原因,东西向地震动因受到桥台和纵向挡块的约束并没有出现严重损伤。若将该桥由连续梁桥变成简支梁桥,地震反应会有所变化,但总体趋势特点变化并不大。另外,本文通过现有资料选定5组地震动作为输入,进行地震反应分析,比较分析不同地震动对该桥的影响,并验证地震动模拟效果。     

Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert,Northwest China

Study is made on a 45 km-long artificial ecosystem without irrigation in Tengger desert on the basis of long-term ecological monitoring and ecohydrological fundamentals.Changes in water allocation, utilization, cycle and balance patterns in more than 40-year evolution of the soil-plant system are analyzed. The formation of a drought horizon in shrub rhizosphere and its effect, ecohydrological function of the crust and its effect on the soil-plant system change are discussed. Driven by water self-regulation and water stress, the soil-plant system is going to develop towards the steppe desert to ensure more effective use and optimum collocation of water resource.     

煤渣吸附水中BHC(六氯环己烷)的条件实验研究

以GC-MS为分析手段,利用一定量预处理后的工业废弃物煤渣,通过实验得出煤渣吸附水中BHC的最佳条件为:pH值5,温度15℃.煤渣粒径的减小、用量的增加以及延长煤渣与水中BHC的接触时间均能增加煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量,在最佳条件下,每克煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量能达到354.22μg以上.通过利用煤渣处理安图水库水样结果表明,用煤渣处理含BHC的污染水,是一种较为理想的环境治理方法.     

The Classification and Model of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs

Coalbed methane has been explored in many basins worldwide for 30 years, and has been developed commercially in some of the basins. Many researchers have described the characteristics of coalbed methane geology and technology systematically. According to these investigations, a coalbed methane reservoir can be defined: "a coal seam that contains some coalbed methane and is isolated from other fluid units is called a coalbed methane reservoir". On the basis of anatomization, analysis, and comparison of the typical coalbed methane reservoirs, coalbed methane reservoirs can be divided into two classes: the hydrodynamic sealing coalbed methane reservoirs and the self-sealing coalbed methane reservoirs. The former can be further divided into two sub-classes: the hydrodynamic capping coalbed methane reservoirs, which can be divided into five types and the hydrodynamic driving coalbed methane reservoirs, which can be divided into three types. The latter can be divided into three types. Currently, hydrodynamic s     

The unification of RBLs with XBLs

Many astronomers have discussed the property of BL Lacertae objects, including the variation of spectrum, the correlation of multi-wave bands and the property of polarization, which could give good information for studying intrinsic correlation of components and position of BL Lacertae objects. In the paper, we investigated the properties of RBLs and XBLs and RBLs/XBLs (these objects can also be found by radio survey as by X-ray survey). Firstly, we collected the light curve of 28 BL Lacertae objects, and gained their short timescales by Structure Function (SF). Secondly, we analyzed the distribution of the short timescales of some BL Lacertae objects, including 28 objects’ timescales calculated by SF, as well as the distribution of the redshift and the black hole mass and the flux densities of the multi-wavebands (radio, near-infrared, optical and Gamma-ray). Based on statistical analysis, the result of the paper support the unification model of RBLs and XBLs.     

川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段风暴岩特征及地质意义

通过野外实测剖面和镜下薄片观察,川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段发育典型的风暴岩,具有底冲刷—充填构造、风暴砾屑层、菊花构造和丘状交错层理等典型风暴沉积标志。根据该风暴岩岩性、沉积位置、沉积标志组合特征,共识别出三种风暴沉积序列类型:1)序列Ⅰ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段组成,代表靠近风暴浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡下部环境; 2)序列Ⅱ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段、平行纹层段、丘状纹层段组成,代表靠近正常浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡上部环境; 3)序列Ⅲ由粒序段、平行纹层段组成,代表台地边缘环境。风暴层序自下而上的沉积演化为:台前缓斜坡下部—台前缓斜坡上部—台地边缘,整体为一个向上变浅的沉积序列。     

同源岩浆不同期次之间混合产生的暗色包体——以北拉萨地块中部晚白垩世桑心日岩体为例

本文在研究西藏北拉萨块体中段桑心日岩体中的暗色包体时发现了一种具有特殊岩石成因的暗色包体。暗色包体呈椭球状,在暗色包体和寄主岩的接触面上通常形成一个明显的可能由风化作用造成的间隙面。暗色包体为二长玢岩-花岗闪长玢岩,寄主岩为花岗岩,暗色包体明显较寄主岩更基性,更富Na_2O、CaO、MgO和Fe_2O_3~T。暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显不同的稀土元素特征,暗色包体的稀土元素含量变化较大,最基性样品具有最高的稀土含量,随着基性程度的降低稀土元素含量明显下降。随着岩浆的进一步演化,岩浆向花岗岩方向演化,稀土含量又逐步升高。寄主岩和暗色包体具有基本一致的微量元素组成,具有典型的弧岩浆岩的特征,富集Rb、Cs、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。此外,暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显的Ba、Sr的负异常。暗色包体成岩年龄为75. 6±1. 2Ma,寄主岩的成岩年龄为71. 8±0. 6Ma,暗色包体成岩年龄较寄主岩早约4Myr。两者具有一致的锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素特征。综合以上岩相学、年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学证据,我们认为桑心日暗色包体和寄主岩来源于同源母岩浆,初始岩浆在母岩浆房中经历了不同程度的含钾角闪石结晶分离作用,并沿早期较弱的构造裂隙侵入到地壳的某一层位,随着构造活动进一步加剧,经过进一步分异母岩浆大规模上侵,并将早先侵位处于半塑性状态的暗色包体侵吞、裹挟至近地表。桑心日暗色包体最可能的成因模式可以解释为同源岩浆不同期次间的物理混合。     

藏北昂吾地区超基性岩的蛇纹石化和磁铁矿化过程及影响因素

班公湖-怒江缝合带广泛分布超基性岩及蛇纹石化超基性岩,已有研究表明它们与区域成矿关系密切,其蛇纹石化过程使一些元素活化并具有一定的成矿潜力。位于班-怒带中段的昂吾地区蛇纹石化超基性岩主要矿物成分有橄榄石、单斜辉石、铬铁矿、利蛇纹石、磁铁矿和绿泥石等,原岩恢复表明该超基性岩为单辉橄榄岩。镜下鉴定、背散射电子图像、能谱成分分析和电子探针分析结果显示单辉橄榄岩的蛇纹石化及蚀变过程可分为三个阶段:(Ⅰ)以形成相对富铁蛇纹石(Mg#=75～88)为主,基本无磁铁矿析出;(Ⅱ)形成相对富镁的蛇纹石(Mg# 90),析出磁铁矿;(Ⅲ)蛇纹石进一步蚀变成绿泥石。热力学模拟及多组分矿物相平衡图表明,在蛇纹石化过程中,昂吾地区超基性岩中的辉石脱硅致使反应体系SiO_2活度升高,限制了磁铁矿的生成。同时也发现,在利蛇纹石稳定存在的温度区间内(100～300℃),本研究的蛇纹石化体系温度倾向高值区,不利于磁铁矿的析出。进而探讨了原岩成分、反应体系SiO_2活度及温度等因素对蛇纹石化过程中磁铁矿析出的影响。本研究有助于理解班-怒带内超基性岩的蛇纹石化过程及磁铁矿化机制。     

中国蛇绿岩与造山带大地构造研究:前言

<正>肖序常院士是我国著名的构造地质学家,他一生致力于蛇绿岩与中国大地构造的研究工作,为中国西部青藏高原、中亚造山带等地区的区域构造与大地构造,以及有关能源、矿产勘查等的研究做出了重要贡献。在肖先生90华诞暨从事地质事业70年之际,我们出版本专辑,向先生致敬!以此