CLDAS和GLDAS土壤温度数据在陕西省的适用性评估

利用陕西省2016年97站逐日5cm土壤温度观测数据,结合相关系数、平均偏差和均方根误差等统计参数,评估了中国气象局陆面数据同化系统CLDAS2.0和美国全球陆面数据同化系统不同陆面模式(Noah-GLDAS2.1,Noah-GLDAS1,CLM-GLDAS1)土壤温度数据在陕西省的适用性。结果表明:(1)CLDAS2.0在陕西省的相关系数最高,均方根误差最小,Noah-GLDAS2.1次之,Noah-GLDAS1最差。(2)从陕西省3个区域的时间演变序列的分析可以看到,CLDAS2.0和Noah-GLDAS2.1能很好模拟出土壤温度的季节变化以及日变化,Noah-GLDAS1、CLMGLDAS1对于日变化的模拟较差,且前两者偏差也明显小于后两者。(3)Noah-GLDAS2.1在陕北与关中地区土壤温度模拟能力与CLDAS2.0相差无几,但在陕南地区CLDAS2.0要好于Noah-GLDAS2.1。总体来看,CLDAS2.0对陕西省土壤温度模拟能力最好,在陕西省有着更好的适用性。     

黔西北青山铅锌矿床主要控矿断裂构造岩-岩相分带模式

青山铅锌矿床是黔西北矿集区内威宁-水城成矿亚带的典型矿床之一，矿体产出严格受构造和岩性双重因素控制。含矿断裂带中构造岩既是构造变形作用的载体，也是相应变形环境的受体，其具有显著的分带特征。针对斜落走滑构造环境下弱蚀变构造岩与热液成矿成生联系研究的薄弱环节，基于构造岩-岩相学填图方法以及不同岩相带内节理、裂隙构造解析，系统采集不同构造岩-岩相带内定向构造岩样品，进行显微构造与地球化学分析，剖析不同岩相带内构造岩类型、物质组成、内部结构、构造及其分带特征，构建了该矿床构造岩-岩相分带模式，即从矿体向外，依次为:张裂岩相带→泥化相带（一、三中段及以上）→扭裂岩相带→压裂岩相带。扭裂岩相带内发育黄铁矿化、铅锌矿化、方解石化、弱白云石化，压裂岩相带内主要发育方解石化，矿化蚀变随着远离矿体呈现出从强变弱的变化规律，成矿环境也随着温度逐渐降低，呈现氧化→弱氧化-弱还原→还原的变化特征。同时，结合宏观和显微构造应力场分析，认为矿体外侧不同类型的构造岩是在统一构造应力场作用下，因不同位置的局部应力场变化而形成的不同类型的构造岩，发育在北西向断裂下盘的次级断裂不仅控制了矿体定位和形态产状，也控制了其外侧构造岩-岩相带。      

观测场内自然降雨的空间均匀性研究

以分辨率为1m的10m×20m和10m×10m观测网为研究对象,运用自制雨量杯开展自然降雨测试试验,结合克里斯琴森均匀系数、分布均匀系数、降雨偏差系数、降雨极值比系数、单因素方差分析等数学方法对自然降雨的空间均匀性进行了研究,分析了风、降雨量对空间均匀性的影响,并讨论了降雨测量仪器在动态比对试验中仪器的架设间隔问题。结果表明:观测场内自然降雨的空间均匀性良好,且各项均匀性指标具有较好的一致性;风对该观测场内的降雨空间均匀性影响不大,而降雨量的差异对其空间均匀性有一定的影响;在动态比对试验中,降雨测量仪器的架设间隔应小于5m,且部分小型降雨测量仪器(如收集杯)架设间隔取1m可行。     

Estimation of PM_(2.5) Mass Concentration from Visibility

Aerosols in the atmosphere not only degrade visibility, but are also detrimental to human health and transportation. In order to develop a method to estimate PM_(2.5) mass concentration from the widely measured visibility, a field campaign was conducted in Southwest China in January 2019. Visibility, ambient relative humidity(RH), PM_(2.5) mass concentrations and scattering coefficients of dry particles were measured. During the campaign, two pollution episodes, i.e., from 4-9 January and from 10-16 January, were encountered. Each of the two episodes could be divided into two periods. High aerosol hygroscopicity was found during the first period, when RH was higher than 80% at most of the time, and sometimes even approached 100%. The second period experienced a relatively dry but more polluted condition and aerosol hygroscopicity was lower than that during the first period. An empirical relationship between PM_(2.5) mass concentration and visibility(ambient aerosol extinction) under different RH conditions could thus be established. Based on the empirical relationship,PM_(2.5) mass concentration could be well estimated from visibility and RH. This method will be useful for remote sensing of PM_(2.5) mass concentration.     

枣庄地区寒武纪_早奥陶世层序地层特征

枣庄地区寒武纪-早奥陶世处于被动大陆边缘陆棚环境,沉积序列受海平面的周期性变化所控制.由寒武系底部不整合面和怀远运动间断面所限定的地层组合,可划分为A,B两个二级层序和12个三级层序,其中张夏组底界面与二级层序底界面一致,为一个由陆源浑水沉积环境向碳酸盐清水沉积环境演化的转换面.     

Distribution of <Superscript>226</Superscript>Ra in the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea and its hydrologic implications

Radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) activities were measured in the surface water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea during the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that ²²⁶Ra concentrations in the surface water ranged from 0.28 to 1.56 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.76 Bq/m³ in the Arctic Ocean, and from 0.25 to 1.26 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.71 Bq/m³ in the Bering Sea. The values were obviously lower than those from open oceans in middle and low latitudes, indicating that the study area may be partly influenced by sea ice meltwater. In the Bering Sea, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water decreased northward, probably as a result of the exchange between the ²²⁶Ra-deficient sea ice meltwater and the ²²⁶Ra-rich Pacific water. In the Arctic Ocean, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water increased northward and eastward. This spatial distribution of ²²⁶Ra reflected the variation of the ²²⁶Ra-enriched river component in the water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The vertical profiles of ²²⁶Ra in the Canadian Basin showed a concentration maximum at 200 m, which could be attributed to the inputs of the Pacific water or/and the bottom shelf water with high ²²⁶Ra concentration. This conclusion was consistent with the results from ²H, ¹⁸O tracers.     

北祁连山西段同位素测年概况

作者在广泛收集前人资料的基础上,通过课题研究工作,剔除了一些地点、岩性、测试不详及方法不系统的年龄数据,获得了一组有价值的同位素年代学数据。它们可以代表目前北祁连山西段同位素年代学研究的主要成果与认识,对研究本区盆地-构造-岩浆-热事件提供了重要成因信息。综合评价这一成果,方法较全面,数据有一定系统性,从而有力地支持了对本区各类地质体形成与演化的认识,解决在北祁连山西段科研、地质找矿以及区域地质调查中一些长期争议的地层时代问题,对推动本区成矿时代、热历史等问题研究的深入,有重要意义。     

佛子冲火山岩区隐伏铜锌矿床的类型归属及成矿远景

佛子冲铅锌成矿带包括两种矿床类型,即佛子冲式夕卡岩型矿床和牛卫式热液充填（交代）型矿床,这两类矿床矿体产状,围岩蚀变,矿物组合,以及单矿物中微量元素分布特征等方面区别明显,但硫化矿物的硫,铅同位素组成相同,并且均表现出强烈的均一化的特点,反映出两者的成矿条件及成矿方式虽然不同,但具有相同的物源－燕山期钙碱性火山岩系,在佛子冲矿带南部火山岩覆盖区,铅锌矿化组合空间展布呈“三层楼”结构,并且构造控矿作用明显：矿点主要分布于佛子冲隐伏背斜的轴部（“龙脊”）,特别是在隐伏背斜被NE向断裂切割部位,火山岩铅锌矿化大多属于佛子冲式矿床类型,即佛子冲矿带内主要的矿床类型,具有较大的找矿前景。     

GIS技术应用于城市防震减灾工作

介绍了基于GIS技术的“上海市防震减灾应急决策信息系统”,该系统由7个功能模块组合,主要有：地震地质基本信息,地震灾害快速评估子系统,地震应急决策信息子系统,信息查询,系统维护管理等。介绍了彩红外航片遥感等软件应用技术,并提出此系统需改进之处。     

荧光分析法在油气化探中的应用

荧光光谱法是分析芳烃的灵敏、快速、高效的方法,通过样品的同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱特征,可以进行油气属性的判断;区别油气信息和煤信息,区分油气信息和泥浆污染信息,提高钻井预测的准确度。某些情况下,可以用简单、便捷的同步荧光光谱取代三维荧光光谱分析,达到事半功倍的效果。