端帮开采下煤柱破坏宽度计算及失稳机制研究

针对大型露天矿开采后残存的大量端帮滞留煤进行开采时,确定留设支撑煤柱的合理宽度一直是端帮采煤工艺高效应用推广的突出难题。将端帮开采工作面假定为无限大板上相隔一定间距的共线裂纹,基于断裂力学Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹模型,运用Hoek-Brown与Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,分析了支撑煤柱边缘的应力分布规律,建立了支撑煤柱边缘破坏区的边界方程,进而得到了不同破坏准则下支撑煤柱破坏宽度的表达式。结合不同破坏准则下支撑煤柱破坏宽度的理论表达式与煤体破坏间所确定的表征其不同状态的3组特征参数,进行了曲线规律显现。依据不同破坏准则下所显现的曲线规律,分析了留设煤柱宽度Wp、采硐宽度We、煤层埋深H及煤层倾角β等独立因素对支撑煤柱破坏宽度rp的影响规律,同时将工程实例数据分别代入不同准则下所得的理论表达式。理论结果和实测数据表明,Hoek-Brown破坏准则的运用更为符合现场煤柱破坏演化规律及适合节理岩体破坏的分析。此外,结合煤柱稳定性研究中的极限破坏理论和渐近破坏理论,描述了煤柱失稳破坏机制及过程。为端帮开采中支撑煤柱的合理宽度设计及煤柱破坏的理论分析中的准则运用提供了新思路,为推广端帮开采工艺的应用提供指导意义。     

不同砂−膨润土垂直防渗墙填筑土料的掺量研究

土?膨润土垂直防渗墙在美国已广泛应用于城市卫生填埋场中,我国的工程中则应用较少。由国产膨润土与原地层土混合在自重应力作用下固结形成的防渗墙,其渗透性、孔隙和压缩性如何受膨润土掺量的影响,针对该一问题,使用福建标准砂模拟原地层,以3种典型膨润土作为混合料,在各掺量下对砂?膨润土填筑土料开展改进柔性壁渗透试验固结试验,研究不同膨润土掺量对填筑料渗透系数k、孔隙率n与压缩系数av影响。结果表明,膨润土和砂形成防渗墙时存在一个对应最小n和av的最优掺量Copt,当膨润土掺量小于等于Copt时,随着掺量增加,填筑料k下降很快,av缓慢减小;当掺量大于Copt后,随掺量上升,k降低速度趋缓,av快速地升高。理论上,膨润土掺入较少时黏土颗粒仅填充砂粒间的孔隙而不影响砂粒堆积,掺量达到一定程度后膨润土使砂粒彼此分离,悬浮在其中,填筑料的孔隙率随掺量而增大,可能是宏观上造成最优掺量产生的主要原因。     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

New Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Shirenshan Gneiss,North Qinling and Their Geological Implications

正Objective The Qinling Orogenic Belt(QOB)is a composite continental orogenic belt that has experienced many tectonic events. The QOB is subdivided into the following three lithotectonic units:the North Qinling terrane,the Middle Qinling microplate and the South Qinling terrane.     

济南西北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋区热异常机理研究

为了探寻济南岩体北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋地热异常区形成机理,利用地质钻探编录、抽水试验、测温、水质分析测试等手段,对碳酸盐岩浅埋地热异常区地质特征、热储物性特征、地温场特征、水化学特征等进行研究,结果表明：碳酸盐岩浅埋区热储层发育在奥陶纪灰岩地层中,热储层岩溶裂隙发育,热储埋深150~1000m,地热异常区盖层地温梯度为7. 2~11. 5℃/100m,水化学类型为SO4- Ca型,TDS为1. 3~1. 5g/L,地热水中含有对人体有益的微量元素,地热水来源为大气降水,地热水中50年以前入渗的“古水”占主导;明确了热源除正常的地温传导之外,济南岩体阻挡迫使水流深循环加热后上涌,断裂沟通深部热源等也是地热异常区形成的重要因素。     

北山南部二叠纪海相玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

基于北山南部晚古生代构造演化争议较大,本文对该区4条下—中二叠统代表剖面中的玄武岩进行了岩相学、元素地球化学、及全岩Sr- Nd同位素等研究;并对地层中的中酸性火山岩进行了锆石U- Pb定年。获得英安岩与安山岩的锆石U- Pb年龄分别为289. 5±2. 3Ma和267. 8±3. 1Ma,结合已发表年龄数据及古生物资料,明确了火山岩的喷发时代介于早二叠世亚丁斯克期—中二叠世沃德期。该套玄武岩产于海相地层中,主体为拉斑玄武岩系列;氧化物含量变化较大,TiO 2 含量中等(0. 9%~2. 53%);轻重稀土分馏不明显［(La/Yb) N=1. 6~6. 2］,且无显著Eu异常( δ Eu为0. 79~1. 19);不同程度亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等元素,富集La、Ce、Nd、Zr等元素;ε Nd ( t ) 值介于1. 4~10. 9,( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i 值为0. 703365~0. 707285。玄武岩源区为受俯冲物质改造的软流圈地幔,经不同程度熔融所形成;既与岛弧或陆缘弧所产生的火山岩有所差别,又不同于地幔柱或热点所产生的玄武岩,在各判别图解中,大多投入板内玄武岩(WPB)或洋脊玄武岩(MORB)。结合该区域其他地质资料,推测该套玄武岩的产生与北山南部加厚岩石圈的拆沉作用有关。     

陕西岐山蓟县系碳氧同位素特征及其古环境意义

陕西岐山二郎沟蓟县系剖面位于华北克拉通南缘,发育一套浅海相碳酸盐岩,自下而上出露龙家园组和巡检司组。两个岩组共采集、测试了碳、氧同位素样品184件,结果显示δ13 C值落在-1.747‰～1.144‰之间,总体上较稳定,平均值为-0.523‰;δ~(18)O值整体在-8.662‰～-2.540‰之间,大部分落在-5.5‰至-3‰,平均值为-4.469‰,低幅高频振荡。碳同位素旋回性较明显,可以进一步划分出4个旋回。碳、氧同位素曲线与燕山地区蓟县系已有研究结果相似性较高,其中,巡检司组近顶部出现的约为2‰的负偏事件,可大致对应于蓟县剖面雾迷山组顶部至洪水庄组的负偏事件。碳同位素的升降趋势及藻类数量(叠层石)丰度变化表明当时海平面在不断变化。此外,二郎沟剖面研究结果还与俄罗斯南乌拉尔阿孜瓦尔组以及加拿大霍恩比湾群的碳、氧同位素曲线也颇为相近,符合全球中元古代碳同位素组成特别稳定的特征,是对全球统一的古海洋背景的响应。