生态城市建设土地利用评价——以扬州市为例

本文从土地资源禀赋、土地利用效益、土地保护水平三个方面,初步建立了生态城市建设土地利用评价指标体系,并以扬州市为研究案例,得出扬州市2000～2008年的土地利用与保护综合水平。研究结果表明:2000年,扬州市土地利用与保护综合评价分值为52.9,处于生态恢复阶段中的治理小于破坏阶段;自2000～2008年扬州市土地利用与保护综合水平随时间呈递增趋势,特别是2004年以来递增速度明显加快,到2008年扬州市土地利用与保护综合分值为74.7,处于生态恢复阶段的末期,即将跨入生态保育阶段。最后,根据评价结论,提出了今后一段时期扬州生态城市建设土地利用与保护的建议。     

塔里木盆地东北部中—上奥陶统沉积物源与构造背景相关性分析

基于塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格露头区却尔却克山、元宝山和南雅尔当山中—上奥陶统宏观沉积特征分析,结合钻井、地震资料分析,对盆地东北部巨厚的中—上奥陶统碎屑岩沉积物源及其构造背景相关性进行了探讨。中—上奥陶统却尔却克组发育复理石建造,综合重矿物组合、矿物成熟度参数、砂岩主、微量元素、稀土元素和阴极发光等提供的物源信息,反映物源区主要为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘构造背景。却尔却克组沉积早期物源区主要来自北部古陆,主要为酸性花岗岩类和变质岩类,却尔却克组沉积中后期,除来自北部的物源外,还有来自东南部阿尔金造山带的火山碎屑物质的加入。中—上奥陶统沉积物源分析为塔里木盆地东北部地区中晚奥陶世构造隆升与沉积充填关系研究提供重要依据。     

GPS接收机测试评估系统数据库的建立

为评定GPS接收机的性能,建立的接收机测试评估系统在对接收机进行测试的过程中将涉及到大量的测试相关数据。为了对这些数据进行科学、安全的存储管理,文中通过分析数据的来源、数据的存储类型以及数据的相互关系等,在考虑了数据库运行的安全性和稳定性的基础上,详细地介绍了GPS接收机测试评估系统数据库的建立。     

瞬变电磁法的探测深度问题

用解析分析、时域有限差分、时-频分析的方法,以地面中心回线装置和阶跃脉冲激励源为例,分析讨论了瞬变电磁测深法的勘探深度问题,以便为野外勘探工作设计提供依据,达到预期的探测目的.解析计算证实了瞬变场在地下以有限速度传播,数值模拟表示出了准静态条件下瞬变场的反射.研究结果表明,由于时间域电磁场遵循因果律,瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时间决定. 瞬变电磁场的初始传播速度与大地电阻率无关,继后在大地色散作用下,阶跃脉冲前沿逐渐变得平缓,各频率分量的传播速度与电阻率有关,在低阻地层中探测同样的深度需要较长的观测时间. 最大探测深度是在给定时间内电磁波往返地下某一深度的单程距离,最小探测深度受仪器性能的限制,但是埋藏较浅的异常体也有可能在晚时段被观测到.从时-频密度谱中可得到瞬变电磁场信号时间与频率的关系.     

老挝爬奔金矿围岩蚀变特征及其与金矿化的关系

爬奔金矿位于琅勃拉邦岛弧带中段西侧,矿体赋存于石炭-下二叠统厚层-巨厚层灰岩中,受NW-NNW向断裂构造控制,是少硫化物型中-低温热液矿床。野外调研及室内研究结果表明:爬奔金矿的围岩蚀变以中-低温蚀变矿物组合为特征,主要有硅化、褐铁矿化、菱铁矿化、方解石化,随着岩石蚀变强度的增加,Au与Si、Fe同步增加,而Ca减少。蚀变受断裂构造控制,分带明显,不同的矿化蚀变对应不同的矿石类型。多种蚀变叠加部位是成矿有利地段。“红化”蚀变和“褪色”蚀变是区内独特的围岩蚀变现象,找矿指示作用明显,结合构造、地层、化探异常等其他条件,可作为矿区外围及邻区的找矿标志。     

Expanding global mapping of the foliage clumping index with multi-angular POLDER three measurements: Evaluation and topographic compensation

The clumping index measures the spatial aggregation (clumped, random and regular) of foliage elements. The global mapping of the clumping index with a limited eight-month multi-angular POLDER 1 dataset is expanded by integrating new, complete year-round observations from POLDER 3. We show that terrain-induced shadows can enhance bi-directional reflectance distribution function variation and negatively bias the clumping index (i.e. indicating more vegetation clumping) in rugged terrain. Using a global high-resolution digital elevation model, a topographic compensation function is devised to correct for this terrain effect. The clumping index reductions can reach up to 30% from the topographically non-compensated values, depending on terrain complexity and land cover type. The new global clumping index map is compared with an assembled set of field measurements from 32 different sites, covering four continents and diverse biomes.     

珊瑚骨骼生长特征的数字影像分析

造礁珊瑚骨骼一般呈年周期性带状生长,生长特征变化与周边环境有密切关系,具有重要的环境指示意义。本文依据珊瑚骨骼生长带X射线成像原理,利用计算机的数字化和影像处理功能,提出了珊瑚骨骼生长带数字影像分析的方法,能获得较传统方法更高分辨率和精度的珊瑚生长信息。利用该方法提取了海南岛三亚湾滨珊瑚骨骼月尺度的生长密度、生长率的变化序列,并探讨了生长密度、生长率的变化特征及其与主要环境因素的关系。     

Uncertainty assessment for watershed water quality modeling: A Probabilistic Collocation Method based approach

Watershed water quality models are increasingly used in management. However, simulations by such complex models often involve significant uncertainty, especially those for non-conventional pollutants which are often poorly monitored. This study first proposed an integrated framework for watershed water quality modeling. Within this framework, Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) was then applied to a WARMF model of diazinon pollution to assess the modeling uncertainty. Based on PCM, a global sensitivity analysis method named PCM-VD (VD stands for variance decomposition) was also developed, which quantifies variance contribution of all uncertain parameters. The study results validated the applicability of PCM and PCM-VD to the WARMF model. The PCM-based approach is much more efficient, regarding computational time, than conventional Monte Carlo methods. It has also been demonstrated that analysis using the PCM-based approach could provide insights into data collection, model structure improvement and management practices. It was concluded that the PCM-based approach could play an important role in watershed water quality modeling, as an alternative to conventional Monte Carlo methods to account for parametric uncertainty and uncertainty propagation.     

春季黄海海域颗粒有机碳的分布特征及影响因素

依据2010年4～5月黄海的现场调查资料,分析了黄海颗粒有机碳(Particulate organic carbon,POC)的分布特征及影响因素。结果表明,2010年春季黄海POC浓度范围为78.11～9 189.00μg/L,平均浓度为(413.59±794.23)μg/L;北黄海和南黄海POC分布都呈现表层低、底层高的垂直分布特征和近岸高、远岸低的平面分布特征。其中,北黄海POC的高值区南部近岸水体,主要受陆源输入的影响,北黄海POC的低值区主要位于其中部表层水体,主要由于浮游植物现场生产受限所致;南黄海POC高值区主要位于受沿岸流和陆源输入影响显著的苏北沿岸,底层高值主要与浮游植物碎屑沉降和沉积物再悬浮有关,低值区主要集中在南黄海中部海域,亦由于浮游植物现场生产受限所致。PN的分布趋势和影响因素与POC相一致。     

Failure Pressure Analysis of Corroded Moderate-to-High Strength Pipelines

Based on the elastic-plastic, large-deformation finite element method, burst capacity of steel pipeline with longitudinal corrosion defect subjected to internal pressure is studied. The appropriate stress-based criterion is used to predict the failure pressure of finite element model of corroded pipeline under internal pressure. By considering the pipe steel grades and geometries of corrosion defects, a series of finite element analyses is conducted. The effects of corrosion depth, length and width on burst capacity are also discussed. A specific failure pressure solution for the assessment of corrosion defects in moderate-to-high strength pipeline is proposed on the base of numerical results. The failure pressures predicted by the proposed method are in better agreement with the experimental results than the results by the other methods.