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A new approach for dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral data has been proposed in this article. The method is based on extraction of fractal-based features from the hyperspectral data. The features have been generated using spectral fractal dimension of the spectral response curves (SRCs) after smoothing, interpolating and segmenting the curves. The new features so generated have then been used to classify hyperspectral data. Comparing the post classification accuracies with some other conventional dimensionality reduction methods, it has been found that the proposed method, with less computational complexity than the conventional methods, is able to provide classification accuracy statistically equivalent to those from conventional methods. 相似文献
64.
Eddy covariance based methane flux in Sundarbans mangroves,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chandra Shekhar Jha Suraj Reddy Rodda Kiran Chand Thumaty A K Raha V K Dadhwal 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(5):1089-1096
We report the initial results of the methane flux measured using eddy covariance method during summer months from the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, Sundarbans of India. Mangrove ecosystems are known sources for methane (CH4) having very high global warming potential. In order to quantify the methane flux in mangroves, an eddy covariance flux tower was recently erected in the largest unpolluted and undisturbed mangrove ecosystem in Sundarbans (India). The tower is equipped with eddy covariance flux tower instruments to continuously measure methane fluxes besides the mass and energy fluxes. This paper presents the preliminary results of methane flux variations during summer months (i.e., April and May 2012) in Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The mean concentrations of CH4 emission over the study period was 1682 ± 956 ppb. The measured CH4 fluxes computed from eddy covariance technique showed that the study area acts as a net source for CH4 with daily mean flux of 150.22 ± 248.87 mg m?2 day?1. The methane emission as well as its flux showed very high variability diurnally. Though the environmental conditions controlling methane emission is not yet fully understood, an attempt has been made in the present study to analyse the relationships of methane efflux with tidal activity. This present study is part of Indian Space Research Organisation–Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO–GBP) initiative under ‘National Carbon Project’. 相似文献
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The gravitational instability of an infinite homogeneous self-gravitating mixture through porous medium in the presence of a variable horizontal magnetic field varying in vertical directions has been considered to include, separately, the effects due to suspended particles and collisions between ionized and neutral components. The dispersion relations in both cases have been obtained. It has been found that Jeans's criterion of instability holds good even if the effects due to suspended particles, collisions, porosity, and variable magnetic field are considered. 相似文献
66.
T. C. SHARMA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):803-814
Abstract The important elements of a drought phenomenon are the longest duration and the largest severity for a desired return period. These elements form a basis for designing water storage systems to cope with droughts. At times, a third element, drought intensity, is also used and is defined as the ratio of severity to duration. The commonly available statistics for the causative drought variables such as annual rainfall or runoff sequences are the mean, the coefficient of variation and the lag one serial correlation coefficient, and occasionally some indication of the probability distribution function (pdf) of the sequences. The extremal values of the duration and severity are modelled in the present paper using information on the aforesaid parameters at the truncation level equal to the mean of the drought sequence, which is generally taken as the truncation level in the analysis of droughts. The drought severity has been modelled as the product of the duration and intensity with the assumption of independence between them. An estimate of drought intensity has been realized from the concept of the truncated normal distribution of the standardized form of the drought sequences in the normalized domain. A formula in terms of the extremal severity and the T-year return period has been suggested similar to the flood frequency formulae, commonly cited in hydrological texts. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A well marked low pressure monsoon depression caused unprecedented heavy rainfall of five days duration (15–19 July 1979) in the Luni basin in the India arid zone. It caused the worst flash flood in living memory. Saturated antecedent soil moisture conditions, thin soil cover underlain by bed rock or hardpan, a larger area of exposed rocks in the basin and failure of the earthen reservoirs further worsened the flood effect. During flooding, suspended sediment concentrations rose from 0.86 to 40.2 g 1?1 downstream due to bank scouring, erosion and high transmission losses of the runoff volume in the alluvial channels. The dilution effect of flooding caused lower concentrations of the total dissolved solids which increased with downstream travel. Social effects of this flood and consequences on future planning in the Luni basin have also been discussed. 相似文献
68.
In India the last 30 years had witnessed a radical transformation of urban scene. In particular, during this period, the one
lakh cities and million plus cities began to grow rapidly. In the present study, urban growth of Jaipur city in the last 31 years
(1975–2006) was assessed. Jaipur ranks 11th in India with a total population of 2.3 million and has shown a consistent increase
in the past 50 years. It is one of the fastest growing mega cities of the country with an annual average growth rate of 4.5%
which is quite high from the national urban growth rate. Remote sensing and GIS have been used to extract the information
related to urban growth-built up area and its spatial and temporal variation. The Shannon’s entropy at two levels (city as
a whole and ward wise) is computed in order to quantify the form and patterns of urban growth using built up area as spatial
phenomena. Further, multivariate statistical techniques have been used to establish the relationship between the urban growth
and its causative and determining factors. Results of this study reveal that the growth rate of built up in Jaipur has outstripped
the rate of population growth. Shannon’s entropy quantifies as dispersed form of urban growth till 2000 and after it, there
is relative compactness in 2006. 相似文献
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