Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.     

电离层水平不均匀性对无线电掩星资料反演的影响

电离层水平不均匀结构是引起掩星资料反演的主要误差源.本文模拟不均匀结构对无线电掩星资料反演的影响.首先利用3-D全球射线追踪技术进行了模拟.结果指出:电离层电子密度20%的变化可能引起GPS的时延增加约12m.其次,将90%的掩星时延对应的路径长度,定义为电离层掩星测量的水平分辨率,其值为1200-2000 km.最后,计算了不同纬度电离层当地正午、子夜和日出时的电离层水平不对称指数.它表明:低纬夏季日出时,不对称指数达-78%,反演结果可能有较大误差.     

The Nature and Age of Plagioclasites in the Ultrabasic Rai-Iz Massif (Polar Urals)

Corundum-containing and corundum-free plagioclasites localized in chromite-bearing ultramafites of the Rai-Iz Massif were explored for the composition and age. The composition of rock-forming minerals was studied, and the geochemical characteristics of the rocks were ascertained. The isotope age of plagioclasites determined by zircons using the U–Pb mode with a SHRIMP II device was equal to 398 ± 3 Ma. The age found conformed to the boundary on most of the Rai-Iz Massif took place against the background of a starting powerful collision, which caused the formation of the chromium mineralization of a high-chromic type, as well as the separation of a series of essentially plagioclase rocks of ruby mineralization at the discharge zones of the vein series.     

Depositional Environments and Paleogeographic Evolution during the Formation of Upper Paleozoic Terrigenous Rocks in Taimyr

Lithology and Mineral Resources - Upper Paleozoic sections in Taimyr comprise genetic rock complexes of different zones: deep-water shelf; offshore transition zone; shoals, deltas, and beaches of...     

Resistance of Enzymes to Ionizing Radiation under Model Conditions of the Martian Regolith

Solar System Research - Ionizing radiation is one of the main factors that destroy biomolecules in extraterrestrial conditions. The effects of radiation depend on the conditions of the exposure...