Effects of Density and Viscosity in Modeling Heat as a Groundwater Tracer

Decoupled simulation of groundwater flow and heat transport assuming constant fluid density and viscosity is computationally efficient and simple. However, by neglecting the effects of variable density and viscosity, numerical solution of heat transport may be inaccurate. This study investigates the conditions under which the density and viscosity effects on heat transport modeling can be neglected without any significant loss of computational accuracy. A cross-section model of aquifer-river interactions at the Hanford 300 Area in Washington State was employed as the reference frame to quantify the role of fluid density and viscosity in heat transport modeling. This was achieved by comparing the differences in simulated temperature distributions with and without considering variable density and viscosity, respectively. The differences between the two sets of simulations were found to be minor under the complex field conditions at the Hanford 300A site. Based on the same model setup but under different prescribed temperature gradients across the simulation domain, a series of heat transport scenarios were further examined. When the maximum temperature difference across the simulation domain is within 15°C, the mean discrepancy between the simulated temperature distributions with and without considering the effects of variable density and viscosity is approximately 2.5% with a correlation coefficient of above 0.8. Meanwhile, the speedup in runtime is roughly 225% when the maximum temperature difference is at 15°C. This work provides some quantitative guidelines for when heat transport may be simulated by assuming constant density and viscosity as a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency.     

成都地区T639数值预报产品本地化预报性能检验

通过对T639数值预报产品中影响成都地区的关键气象要素, 从海压场、高空流场和温度场等几方面进行分析检验, 了解T639的预报性能, 找出它在本地化应用中的特征。通过分析一次重要天气过程中T639数值预报产品的数据, 同ECMWF进行各个时效的对比, 找出它与目前成熟数值预报模式之间的差距和优势, 为预报员在本地化应用中更好的发挥其预报性能做一点参考。      

经验模态分解法在地下水资料处理中的应用

利用经验模态分解法（EMD）对地震地下流体观测资料中典型干扰信号的处理及趋势性变化的提取,结果表明,经验模态分解方法能有效地对信号进行分解,是一种无需预设带宽的自适应高通滤波方法,适用于地下流体观测资料的分析处理     

天顶对流层延迟计算方法研究

依据精密单点定位（PPP）原理编写天顶对流层延迟估计程序,分别利用所编程序和GAMIT软件进行实测数据解算,将所得数据与IGS网站提供数据进行对比分析,结果显示PPP与双差法估计对流层延迟都有较高精度;但在双差法解算过程中发现,无远距离测站参与解算会影响对流层延迟估计的精度。     

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天线相位中心偏差变化及改正模型对精密单点定位精度的影响

利用精密单点定位程序对IGS站的实测数据进行计算,结果表明:平面方向,天线相位中心偏差和变化对精密单点定位精度影响较小;高程方向,天线相位中心偏差可造成厘米级的影响,天线相位中心变化的影响约5 mm;相比相对天线相位中心改正模型,使用绝对相位改正模型具有更多优点,尤其用于高精度GPS授时其精度明显提高.     

大型公园绿地对住宅价格的时空影响效应——以上海市黄兴公园绿地为例

随着居民生活质量的提高和环保意识的增强,居民对环境舒适的支付意愿不断提高。居住环境的价值评估研究受到关注,但对其作用时间和空间影响程度差异的量化研究明显不足。本文以上海市黄兴公园绿地为例,综合运用市场比较法、特征定价法和多元回归分析等方法,并引入加权距离,从时间和空间两个层面分析黄兴公园绿地对周边住宅价格的影响效应,结果表明:黄兴公园绿地所带来的住宅价格增值效应既具有时间上的差异性,又与加权距离存在着显著的二次函数关系,随着距离增加其增值幅度呈下降趋势;其影响效应与加权距离存在着显著的三次函数关系,最大影响半径为1.59km,最强影响区位为0.29km。     

中国西北干旱区地-气温差变化成因分析

利用1961—2000年中国西北干旱区49个气象台站百叶箱气温、0 cm地温、降水和近地层风速月平均资料,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,分析了我国西北干旱区地-气温差变化的原因。结果表明,20世纪后40 a西北干旱区冬季地-气温差呈减小趋势,其可能原因是20世纪80年代后全球进一步变暖,西北干旱区对流层中层高度场升高、气温升高,风场易出现反气旋式环流距平,寒潮活动减少,近地层风速减弱使得气温增暖高于地温。而春初对流层中层高度场偏低时,气温偏低,降水偏多,风场易出现气旋式环流距平,近地层风速减弱使得气温增暖低于地温,所以春初地-气温差呈上升趋势。     

Potential water sources for Late Quaternary Megalake Jilantai-Hetao,China, inferred from mollusk shell <Superscript>87</Superscript>Sr/<Superscript>86</Superscript>Sr ratios

Lake Jilantai-Hetao, a megalake, was formed some time before 60–50 ka, along the Great North Bend of the Yellow River. The basin is now dry, with most of the area covered by aeolian sand. We are investigating this profound hydrologic change using a number of research approaches. Paleoshorelines of this megalake are best preserved in the Jilantai area in the southwestern portion of the megalake basin. We collected aquatic mollusk shells from littoral sediments at different altitudes around Jilantai and measured their strontium isotope compositions. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in shell carbonates are different between the high lake phase (~1,080–1,050 m altitude) and the low lake phase (~1,044–1,030 m altitude), with a small shift in average strontium ratios to more radiogenic values during the low lake phase. Based on regional hydrology and physical geography, we conclude that water from the Yellow River was the dominant water source supplying this megalake. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of modern water samples suggest the Yellow River was the dominant water source during the high lake phase, but that the relative contribution of Yellow River water to the megalake was reduced, and that the relative contributions of local precipitation and groundwater increased, during the low lake phase.