Petrogenesis of I-type granites from Yuqikapa granite pluton of the western Kunlun orogen: Deformation-driven filter-pressing differentiation

<正>1 Introduction The western Kunlun orogen,located in the northwest Tibet Plateau,and is a conjunction between the Pan-Asian and the Tethys tectonic domains.From north to south,the Western Kunlun orogen includes four     

个旧锡矿东区黄铁矿成分标型特征研究

黄铁矿是个旧锡矿最常见的硫化物之一,但对其相关研究比较匮乏。本文通过对个旧锡矿东区不同类型矿体中黄铁矿的主微量元素特征研究获取黄铁矿成分的标型特征。个旧锡矿东区其矿体分为层间氧化残余硫化矿、接触带矽卡岩矿体、脉状矿、变基性火山岩矿体四类,不同类型黄铁矿产出特征各异,如层间氧化矿残余硫化矿中黄铁矿具有典型的残余结构,矽卡岩矿体中黄铁矿具有压碎结构、骸晶结构等。研究数据表明,黄铁矿总体表现亏铁、富硫,富集Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、In、As、Sb、Bi、Sn、Ag、Au、W等元素,贫Co、Ni、Cr、Te、Se元素,Co/Ni较大。层间氧化矿残余硫化矿与变基性火山岩两类产于层间的矿体成矿环境硫逸度较高,矽卡岩矿体中黄铁矿高温元素含量较高,脉状矿中黄铁矿微量元素总量较高。硫逸度越大,温度越低,越有利于As进入黄铁矿晶格。成矿元素物源丰富,As、Ag、Au很可能来源于地层,Pb则来源于岩浆,Bi可能大部分来源于酸性岩浆。温度和共生矿物是影响黄铁矿中微量元素富集的重要因素,共生黄铁矿-黄铜矿可以指示形成时的温压条件。本区黄铁矿属中低温成矿,从高到低依次为矽卡岩矿—层间氧化矿残余硫化矿—变基性火山岩矿—脉状矿。来自岩浆的成矿物源较丰富,以及产于岩体边缘蚀变岩型矿体的发现,可推测岩体内部矿产资源丰富。     

从典型矿(床)点分析全椒大庙山式金矿 控矿条件及找矿方向

从典型矿床点分析大庙山含金角砾岩工业矿体的控矿条件及找矿方向。     

Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring

Atmospheric lead(Pb) and other trace metals can transport over long distance and deposit on remote alpine ecosystems. In this work, the soil profiles, litter and dominant mosses along a large altitude were collected on Ao Mountain, Central China, to obtain the spatial distributions of Pb in these materials, decipher the possible factors controlling the distribution, and quantitatively distinguish the natural versus anthropogenic sources of Pb through the Pb isotopic tracing and biomonitoring. The results show that soil Pb concentrations(mg/kg) decreased significantly with depth, and they were markedly higher in the O(42.6± 2.7) and A(36.4 ± 2.2) horizons than in the litter(7.20 ± 1.9) and mosses(28.0 ± 3.9). The Pb enrichment in the surface soils(O and A horizons),litter and mosses existed in the relatively high altitudes, which was attributed to the influences from atmospheric wet deposition, plants, soil physicochemical properties and human activity. ThePb isotopic ratios identified the Pb sources as originating mainly from Chinese coal combustion,mining and smelting. Atmospheric Pb from southeastern, southwestern and northwestern regions could be deposited in the alpine ecosystem by long distance atmospheric transport. The anthropogenic Pb reached over 50% in the O and A horizons, and over 70% in the litter and mosses, which corresponded to the concentrations of 26.9, 17.7, 5.92 and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that the mutual effects of climate and regional human activity could increase the Pb accumulation in remote alpine ecosystems.     

Formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of Touzhai landslide source rockmass

In order to explain the formation process of slope hazards, and to identify the key factors leading to instability of a slope, Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of the Touzhai landslide in Zhaotong, Yunnan, was studied. The formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite was examined using, amongst other techniques, field investigations, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, chemical analysis, physical and water-physical property tests of rock masses. Field observations revealed that the majority of the weathered rock blocks were presented as a concentric layer structure in which an internal corestone was enveloped with several layers of external saprolized crust. Chemical and mineralogical analysis identified that iron was the most sensitive element and that the weathering progress usually started with the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ in rock blocks. Alkaline elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K were also dissolved and Fe and Al were concentrated in saprolized crusts. Results indicated that loss on ignition (LOI) also increased significantly. SEM results showed that the weathering intensity of the basalt blocks decreased gradually from the outside to the inside, and the mineral morphology significantly differed on both sides of the weathering front. The saprolized crusts presented cellular microstructure features due to the generation of micropore and clay minerals. Thin section analysis showed that plagioclase was relatively more stable than pyroxene and chlorite during weathering. With a centripetal propagation of the weathering front, saprolized crusts became thicker and corestones became smaller; fresh Emeishan basalt blocks gradually turned into saprolized blocks. Due to the loose structure and low strength of saprolite, the quality of the Emeishan basalt mass significantly deteriorated, this being a potentially important factor which caused the Touzhai landslide to occur.     

城市暴雨内涝模拟模型优化与精度验证

本文采用“Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil”模型和线性光谱混合分解方法,获取像元中不透水面、植被、土壤覆盖信息,用于计算SCS模型产流参数综合CN（Curve Number）值;基于土地利用类型,采用经验值与数值实验逐步求精相结合的方法,确定水动力汇流模型参数曼宁系数,并用实测积水数据验证两次参数修正的模拟效果。以上海中心城区为例进行验证,研究结果表明：①将采用V-I-S模型得到的不透水面、植被、土壤信息设定CN值,能够降低积水分布的极值化现象,提高SCS产流模型产流量和产流分布精度;②采用经验法和数值模拟逐步求精法,按土地利用类型设定曼宁系数,使各时段最大积水深度高于原模型,说明曼宁系数是汇流模型的敏感参数。     

Effects of Density and Viscosity in Modeling Heat as a Groundwater Tracer

Decoupled simulation of groundwater flow and heat transport assuming constant fluid density and viscosity is computationally efficient and simple. However, by neglecting the effects of variable density and viscosity, numerical solution of heat transport may be inaccurate. This study investigates the conditions under which the density and viscosity effects on heat transport modeling can be neglected without any significant loss of computational accuracy. A cross-section model of aquifer-river interactions at the Hanford 300 Area in Washington State was employed as the reference frame to quantify the role of fluid density and viscosity in heat transport modeling. This was achieved by comparing the differences in simulated temperature distributions with and without considering variable density and viscosity, respectively. The differences between the two sets of simulations were found to be minor under the complex field conditions at the Hanford 300A site. Based on the same model setup but under different prescribed temperature gradients across the simulation domain, a series of heat transport scenarios were further examined. When the maximum temperature difference across the simulation domain is within 15°C, the mean discrepancy between the simulated temperature distributions with and without considering the effects of variable density and viscosity is approximately 2.5% with a correlation coefficient of above 0.8. Meanwhile, the speedup in runtime is roughly 225% when the maximum temperature difference is at 15°C. This work provides some quantitative guidelines for when heat transport may be simulated by assuming constant density and viscosity as a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency.     

成都地区T639数值预报产品本地化预报性能检验

通过对T639数值预报产品中影响成都地区的关键气象要素, 从海压场、高空流场和温度场等几方面进行分析检验, 了解T639的预报性能, 找出它在本地化应用中的特征。通过分析一次重要天气过程中T639数值预报产品的数据, 同ECMWF进行各个时效的对比, 找出它与目前成熟数值预报模式之间的差距和优势, 为预报员在本地化应用中更好的发挥其预报性能做一点参考。      

经验模态分解法在地下水资料处理中的应用

利用经验模态分解法（EMD）对地震地下流体观测资料中典型干扰信号的处理及趋势性变化的提取,结果表明,经验模态分解方法能有效地对信号进行分解,是一种无需预设带宽的自适应高通滤波方法,适用于地下流体观测资料的分析处理     

天顶对流层延迟计算方法研究

依据精密单点定位（PPP）原理编写天顶对流层延迟估计程序,分别利用所编程序和GAMIT软件进行实测数据解算,将所得数据与IGS网站提供数据进行对比分析,结果显示PPP与双差法估计对流层延迟都有较高精度;但在双差法解算过程中发现,无远距离测站参与解算会影响对流层延迟估计的精度。