云南思茅—中甸地震剖面的地壳结构

云南思茅—中甸宽角反射/折射地震剖面切割松潘—甘孜、扬子和华南三个构造单元的部分区域. 我们利用初至波和壳内反射波走时层析成像获得地壳纵波速度结构. 在获得新的地壳速度结构模型基础上，利用地震散射成像思想和低叠加次数的叠前深度偏移方法重建了研究区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 综合分析研究区地壳P波速度模型和壳内地震反射剖面发现：沿测线从北至南地壳厚度从约50 km减薄至35 km左右，地壳厚度的减薄量主要体现在下地壳，剖面北段下地壳厚度约为30 km，剖面南段下地壳厚度仅为15 km左右；上地幔顶部局部位置P波速度值偏低，一般为76～78 km/s，反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点.剖面沿线地壳内地震反射发育，其中莫霍强反射出现在景云桥下方；在景云桥弧形断裂带8～10 km深处出现宽约50 km的强反射带.     

Correlation study between ground motion intensity measure parameters and deformation demands for bilinear SDOF systems

The correlation between ground motion intensity measures （IM） and single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） deformation demands is described in this study. Peak ground acceleration （APG）, peak ground velocity （VPG）, peak ground displacement （DPG）, spectral acceleration at the first-mode period of vibration [As（T1）] and ratio of VPG to APG are used as IM parameters, and the correlation is characterized by correlation coefficients p. The numerical results obtained by nonlinear dynamic analyses have shown good correlation between As（T1） or VPG and deformation demands. Furthermore, the effect of As（T1） and VPG as IM on the dispersion of the mean value of deformation demands is also investigated for SDOF systems with three different periods T=0.3 s, 1.0 s, 3.0 s respectively.     

ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer and Longxi earthquake in AD 134

Introduction Houhan Shu?ZHANG Heng Biography written by FAN Ye(AD398?AD445,South-North Dynasties)described about the response of ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer to Longxi earthquake as follows.“On one occasion a dragon dropped a ball without an earthquake being felt.All the scholars in the capital blamed this effect happening without any feelings of the earthquake.Several days later,a messenger arrived reporting that an earthquake really had taken place at Longxi.There-upon people all a…     

Thermal regimes and degradation modes of permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway

Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is widespread, thin, and thermally unstable. Under a warming climate during the past few decades, it has been degrading extensively with generally rising ground temperatures, the deepening of the maximum summer thaw, and with lessening of the winter frost penetration. The permafrost has degraded downward, upward and laterally. Permafrost has thinned or, in some areas, has totally disappeared. The modes of permafrost degradation have great significance in geocryology, in cold regions engineering and in cold regions environmental management. Permafrost in the interior of the QTP is well represented along the Qing-hai-Tibet Highway (QTH), which crosses the Plateau through north to south and traverses 560 km of permafrost-impacted ground. Horizontally, the degradation of permafrost occurs more visibly in the sporadic permafrost zone in the vicinity of the lower limit of permafrost (LLP), along the margins of taliks, and around permafrost islands. Downward degradation develops when the maximum depth of seasonal thaw exceeds the maximum depth of seasonal frost, and it generally results in the formation of a layered talik disconnecting the permafrost from the seasonal frost layer. The downward degrada- tion is divided into four stages: 1) initial degradation, 2) accelerated degradation, 3) layered talik and 4) finally the conversion of permafrost to seasonally frozen ground (SFG). The upward degradation occurs when the geothermal gradient in permafrost drops to less than the geothermal gradients in the underlying thawed soil layers. Three types of permafrost temperature curves (stable, degrading, and phase-changing transitory permafrost) illustrate these modes. Although strong differentiations in local conditions and permafrost types exist, the various combinations of the three degradation modes will ultimately transform permafrost into SFG. Along the QTH, the downward degradation has been proceeding at annual rates of 6 to 25 cm, upward degradation at 12 to 30 cm, and lateral degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone at 62 to 94 cm during the last quarter century. These rates exceed the 4 cm per year for the past 20 years reported for the discontinuous permafrost zone in subarctic Alaska, the 3 to 7 cm per year reported in Mongolia, and that of the thaw-stable permafrost in subarctic Yakutia and Arctic Alaska.     

西北地区近期地壳水平运动与构造变形特征

利用截止2004年的西北地区GPS和跨祁连-龙首山构造带的红外测距观测资料，借助最小二乘配置、弹性块体边界负位错模型及单一力源反演，研究昆仑山口西8．1级大震前后西北地区水平形变应变场的动态演化特征；尤其是大震3年后，即当前的构造形变与应力场态势；获取活动块体及其边界断裂上可能反映中强以上孕震背景的高应变能积累区、段，以及可能的潜在震源。结果表明：青藏块体北缘地区经8．1级大震后的短期松弛和调整，目前正在恢复印度板块北东向碰撞推挤背景场的主控作用。而北天山构造带中段及其与西段的交汇区、南天山构造带中西段及其与西昆仑构造带的交汇区、阿尔金断裂中段、祁连山构造带中东段及其与海原断裂的交汇区、西秦岭北缘断裂与庄浪河断裂东南延伸线的交汇区域等具有相对高应变能积累背景；临泽与海原这两个地区也反映一定程度的应变能积累状态。     

No apparent lock-in depth of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion: Evidence from the Malan loess

Developing an accurate chronological framework is always a key issue in paleoclimatic studies. Magneto- stratigraphy has been a routine tool for such purposes. However, complexities arise for inter-profile correla- tions of magnetostratigraphy due to effects of the lock-in process. One good example is the “mystery” of the mismatching of stratigraphic locations of the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary (MBB) (occurred at ~780 ka) recorded in Chinese loess and marine sedi- ments. Tauxe et al.[1] con…     

东天山哈密地区赤湖钼铜矿区斜长花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

东天山赤湖斑岩钼铜矿床的形成时代和成矿地质背景至今尚存在争议,前人根据同一成矿带中土屋-延东斑岩铜矿的同位素地质年龄信息,认为赤湖钼矿的形成时代为中-晚泥盆世,系塔里木板块北部活动陆缘泥盆纪岛弧火山-深成作用的产物;近期一些研究者根据赤湖斑岩钼铜矿区斜长花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb和谐曲线年龄,认为矿化斜长花岗斑岩的侵位时代为晚石炭世,成矿作用与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块南部活动陆缘晚石炭世汇聚阶段钙碱性岩浆侵入作用有关.在前人研究基础上,笔者对赤湖斑岩钼铜矿区矿化斜长花岗斑岩体进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究,获得322Ma±10Ma(95%可信度)的年龄值,表明赤湖斑岩铜矿床的形成时代为晚石炭世,成矿作用与晚石炭世钙碱性岩浆浅成侵位有关.     

黑龙江省气候变化趋势对小麦产量的影响

利用黑龙江省1961～2003年逐日气象资料,采用世界粮食研究模型(WOFOST)和气候变化趋势分析的数学方法,分析了气候变化趋势对小麦产量变化趋势的影响.在黑龙江省中部、东部和北部相对湿润的小麦种植区域,辐射量降低趋势是小麦模拟产量降低趋势的主要气候原因;在松嫩平原西南部的齐齐哈尔市、大庆市和哈尔滨市,降水量增加的趋势是小麦模拟产量增加趋势的主要气候原因;在西北部的北安、五大连池、克山和克东4县,辐射量增加趋势是小麦模拟产量增加趋势的主要气候原因;黑龙江省小麦模拟产量变化趋势百分率的平均值为-1.57%/10a.     

El Ni?o事件大气-洋流异常与暖海温传播机理研究

利用1971～2000年逐月SODA (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation) 同化资料（Carton等，2004）、1980～2000年逐月NCEP/NCAR再分析资料（Kalnay等，1996）探讨中部型（暖海水首先出现在120°W以西）和东部型（暖海水首先出现在120°W以东）El Ni?o事件赤道纬向风应力及洋流的异常变化与暖海水信号的传播特征。研究指出:（1）中部型和东部型El Ni?o事件发生时，太平洋上赤道海表最大西风应力距平在西太平洋地区都有显著的东传现象，但中部型El Ni?o事件西风应力距平强度强，造成西太平洋赤道表层的东向流可达东太平洋地区，这类El Ni?o事件强度偏强。（2）中部型El Ni?o事件，赤道表层洋流辐合区及其下沉运动由西太平洋向东太平洋传播，辐合下沉运动抑制了深层冷海水上翻，西太平洋暖水能够传到东太平洋与西太平洋赤道表层洋流辐合区及其下沉运动的东移有关。（3）东部型El Ni?o事件西太平洋赤道表层洋流辐合区及其下沉运动没能直接传到东太平洋地区，东太平洋暖水形成与局地（120°W以东）辐合下沉运动抑制深层冷海水上翻有关；东部型El Ni?o事件暖池次表层的暖水，不是沿着西太平洋赤道次表层向东传播到东太平洋地区，而是由南太平洋西边界流将暖池海水带到40°S左右的西风漂流区， 再由西风漂流平流到东太平洋。     

区域资源定量评价中面金属量法的应用

地球化学方法被普遍应用于矿产资源评价,但多数方法都只是基于地球化学数据本身而进行的,较少考虑除成矿物质来源之外的诸如构造、地层等地质环境的影响。文章运用面金属量法,在充分研究地质因素的基础上,确定了预测单元及地球化学背景值,在一定程度上屏蔽了虚假资源量,对东天山地区铜的资源量进行了定量评价。预测认为,东天山地区铜的资源潜力巨大。