图割能量驱动的高分辨率遥感影像震害损毁建筑物检测

为充分利用高分辨率遥感影像提供的细节信息,提高震害损毁建筑物检测精度,提出了一种图割框架下融合形状、边缘、角点等多种类型特征的损毁建筑物检测方法。该方法首先利用震前建筑物线划图提取包含单个建筑物的局部影像,用于图割能量函数建模,并分别根据建筑物的位置、形状、边缘以及角点构造能量函数的各约束项。在此基础上,通过最大流/最小割算法求解能量函数最小值,依据最小割能量进行地震前后局部影像中建筑物的相似性度量。最后利用最大期望算法(expectation maximization,EM)求得最小割能量的分类阈值,并根据错分率估值执行后处理以获得最终变化检测结果。采用2011年3月11日东日本大地震前后石卷港的高分辨率遥感影像进行试验,结果表明本文提出的方法能有效检测出损毁建筑物。     

GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo多系统融合在中国区域的仿真分析

通过STK软件对GPS、BDS、GLONASS、Galileo四个系统的星座结构进行仿真,并选择单系统与多系统组合定位的方式对中国区域内的可见卫星数、GDOP值和定位精度进行覆盖分析。结果表明,GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo四系统组合定位在我国的GDOP值可达0.7~0.8,定位精度可达3~4m,优于其他方式的组合定位;同时四系统组合定位下的GDOP值降低,定位精度更好,GDOP值与定位精度的波动异常得到了抑制,导航定位的性能与稳定性也得到了相应的提升。     

基于电子水准仪的矿区独立高程系统优化设计

矿区多采用独立高程系统,是建立时间早、长周期运行的水准控制网,期间会经历水准点严重沉降、破坏、新测量技术发展和新应用需求等的影响,需要优化设计。某矿严格按照二等水准测量规范,结合矿区及周边实际情况和道路设施变迁等,合理设计水准路线,利用高精度的SDL1X型水准仪施测,优化升级高程控制网。按照间接平差原理解算所得最弱点精度较高,全网在精度、稳定性和可靠性方面均有提升。分析可得,该优化方案切实有效。     

BDS/GPS组合单点定位与伪距双差算法分析

文章介绍了BDS/GPS组合系统伪距单点定位与伪距双差的数学模型与算法,讨论了BDS/GPS组合系统的时空基准统一以及伪距双差定权模型的问题。最后为了验证模型与算法的可靠性和可行性,利用安徽理工大学校园内坐标已知的GPS观测点进行数据采集,利用自编程序进行数据处理。结果表明BDS/GPS组合系统伪距双差较伪距单点定位精度有较大的提升,单点定位精度可以达到5m以内,伪距双差可达2m以内。     

土石方量工程计算方法研究

在道路、桥梁、土地整理等方面,土石方量的计算有着重要的地位,其测量的方法与计算的精度对工程的工期和经费有着很大的影响。土石方量计算方案设计得是否合理,得出的结果精确与否,都会影响到工程项目的投入。本文运用实地测量的数据把方格网法和DTM法在CASS软件中分别运算分析,从运算原理、所需作业量、结果的精度和适合应用的场地等方面对两种计算方法进行了详细的对比和分析。     

The IFFT-based SQM method against digital distortion in GNSS signals

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signal deformations could threaten the position accuracy and integrity of GNSS, especially for safety critical applications. Digital distortion is an important kind of deformations caused by failures inside the baseband generation unit onboard the GNSS satellites. Multi-correlator technique, as a prevalent signal quality monitoring (SQM) method, was developed to reliably detect the signal anomaly and therefore protect airborne users from this integrity threat. However, the conventional multi-correlator technique is unable to estimate the degree of distortion quantitatively, while another SQM method, the chip domain observable, has a poor real-time capability so that it could not meet the stringent time to alarm requirements. To solve the above problem, we derived the spectrum form of the conventional Threat Model A first and proposed a IFFT-based SQM algorithm. This new method can perform SQM easily by analyzing the impulses after PSD division and IFFT: Detect the presence of digital distortion by judging whether there is an impulse after IFFT and estimate the degree of distortion by computing the offset of the impulse. The results show that the IFFT-based method can not only detect digital distortion real-timely but also estimate the digital distortion degree quantitatively.     

Long-term behavior and statistical characterization of BeiDou signal-in-space errors

GPS Solutions - We derive orbit and clock errors for BeiDou satellites from March 1, 2013, to September 30, 2016 by comparing broadcast ephemerides with the precise ephemerides produced by Wuhan...     

GEN_MAT: A MATLAB‐based map generalization algorithm toolbox

Assistive tools are important for improving teaching and learning quality in courses that involve practical work. This article presents an overview of GEN_MAT, the first MATLAB‐based map generalization algorithm toolbox. The toolbox provides 42 map generalization algorithms for aggregation, selective omission, simplification, smoothing, collapse, agglomeration, merging, dissolving, displacement, and typification. A beta test of the application of GEN_MAT in teaching and learning was conducted. Evaluations showed that GEN_MAT has positive effects on teaching and learning. Comparing tool‐based and non‐tool‐based courses indicated that the experimental group performed better than the control group, and the two groups exhibited significant discrepancy (p < 0.05) in confidence, awareness, skills and attitudes or behaviors.     

Spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR): A regression framework to understanding impacts of land cover patterns on urban climate

Understanding the impacts of land cover pattern on the heat island effect is essential for sustainable urban development. Conventional model fitting methods have restricted ability to produce accurate estimates of the land cover‐temperature association due to the lack of procedures to address two important issues: spatial dependence in proximal spatial units and high correlations among predictor variables. In this study, we seek to develop an effective framework called spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR) to estimate the variations in the quantity and distribution of land surface temperature (LST) in response to various land cover patterns. The SFRR effectively integrates spatial autoregressive models and ridge regression, and it achieves reliable parameter estimates with substantially reduced mean square errors. We show this by comparing the performance of the SFRR to other widely adopted models using Monte Carlo simulation followed by an empirical study over central Phoenix. Results highlight the great potential of the SFRR in producing accurate statistical estimates, providing a positive step toward informed and unbiased decision‐making across a wide variety of disciplines. (Code and data to reproduce the results in the case study are available at: https://github.com/cfan13/SFRRTGIS.git .)     

基于自然主控因子和道路可达性的广东省乡村聚落空间分布特征及影响因素

以遥感图像分类解译数据为基础,利用核密度、道路交通可达性阻力值、Logistic回归模型,定量识别了1990-2013年的广东省全域范围内的乡村聚落空间分布特征及现状、乡村聚落空间分布的主导影响因素,并讨论归纳了乡村聚落演变及其机制研究的内容框架。结果表明：① 广东省乡村聚落空间分布具有低海拔、低坡度、邻河流、邻乡镇的空间指向性。呈现出“平原稠密,山区稀疏”的空间分布格局,形成了粤东潮汕平原和粤西湛江平原台地两大高密度核心区域,珠江三角洲外围山区的乡村聚落呈现出邻近于河流谷地和沿交通线串珠式布局特征。② 乡村聚落除具有邻近开放型道路空间指向性外,更为重要体现为到乡镇的道路交通可达性对乡村聚落空间分布影响最大,镇—村连接的交通网络完善度对乡村转型发展的意义重大,全面提升乡镇的综合生产和服务能力将是优化农村地区村镇体系的核心。③ 高程和坡度是影响乡村聚落的分布、规模、形态的两个重要的基础性影响因素。自然地理本底属性是村庄优化布局与空间重构规划建设考虑的第一要素。④ 在“互联网+”时代背景下,重构农村地区市场网络体系对接于全球市场网络体系,建构以乡镇为核心的乡村生活服务圈,有待进一步探寻“三生空间”的重构和社会文化传承与保护的理论与实践的研究。同时深化乡村聚落形态演化、乡村空间生产、乡村社会网络、群体行为、社会自治、社会文化领域等的研究将是全球化背景下中国乡村空间重构研究的核心领域。