Studies on hemolysis of hemolysin produced by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Hemolysin produced by various bacteria,may destroy erythrocyte membranes via a pore-forming mechanism,a deter-gent action,or a lipase activity.Previous to this experiment,the mode of action used by cyanobacterial hemolysin had not been re-ported.To characterize the action mode of hemolysin produced by the wild-type strain of Synechocystis sp.PCC6803,hemolysis of erythrocytes originating from human,mouse,sheep,rabbit and goldfish was studied.The erythrocytes of mouse,sheep and rabbit were sensitive,while those of human and fish were resistant,to this hemolysin.Using rabbit erythrocytes,it was shown that hemoly-sis occurred in two steps:a binding step within the first 10 min of treatment and a lytic step after 30 min.Both binding and lysis were highly temperature-dependent.Effects of erythrocyte density on hemolysis suggest that the hemolysin might target erythrocytes via a multiple-hit mechanism.In the osmotic protection experiment,all tested osmotic protectants,with molecular diameters ranging from 0.9 ?5.66 nm,failed to effectively inhibit hemolysis.Scanning electron micrographs showed that the hemolysin caused protuberances or echinocytes in rabbit erythrocytes,and then disrupted and ruptured the erythrocytes.Characteristics of hemolysis showed distinct differences from other pore-forming mechanisms,suggesting that this hemolysin might act through a detergent-like or lipase mecha-nism,rather than a pore-forming mechanism.     

基于GIS的污染源项调查综合信息系统研制与应用

针对组件集成二次开发构建融合空间数据库、GIS和VR仿真系统应用开发的技术研究,实现空间地理信息、污染测量数据、电子文档、数据文件、图片等多源数据的一体化集成,阐述了研发子系统和各功能模块的技术原理和方法。     

大豆异黄酮对鱼类生长作用的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是广泛存在于大豆中的一类非甾族杂环多酚类化合物,它对鱼类生长的作用还未得到一致结论,这限制了大豆蛋白源鱼饲料的开发利用。本文综述了大豆异黄酮对鱼类生长的影响及其可能的作用机制,展望了该领域的研究方向,以期为鱼粉蛋白源替代提供参考依据。     

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of HCHs and DDTs in Surface Seawater and Sediment of the Mariculture Area of Jincheng Bay,China

The distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs) in the surface seawater and sediment of Jincheng Bay mariculture area were investigated in the present study. The concentration of total HCHs and DDTs ranged from 2.98 to 14.87 ng L-1 and were 0.032 ng L-1, respectively, in surface seawater, and ranged from 5.52 to 9.43 and from 4.11 to 6.72 ng g-1, respectively, in surface sediment. It was deduced from the composition profile of HCH isomers and DDT congeners that HCH residues derived from a mixture of technical-grade HCH and lindane whereas the DDT residues derived from technical-grade DDT and dicofol. Moreover, both HCH and DDT residues may mainly originate from historical inputs. The hazard quotient of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH to marine species was 0.030, 0.157, 3.008 and 0.008, respectively. It was estimated that the overall probability of adverse biological effect from HCHs was less than 5%, indicating that its risk to seawater column species was low. The threshold effect concentration exceeding frequency of γ-HCH, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in sediment ranged from 8.3% to 100%, and the relative concentration of the HCH and DDT mixture exceeded their probable effect level in sediment. These findings indicated that the risk to marine benthos was high and potentially detrimental to the safety of aquatic products, e.g., sea cucumber and benthic shellfish.     

海胆配子及胚胎发育模型在农药类环境激素筛选中的应用

我国农药生产和使用量较大,农药污染问题日益突出,薛秀玲等[1]报道福建省闽江口和泉州湾的缢蛏和牡蛎样品中的敌敌畏、甲胺磷平均质量分数分别为0.80×10-3叫和2.58×10-9(湿质量),检出率较高.     

山东齐河—禹城地区重磁场特征及找矿预测

齐河—禹城地区已钻探见富铁矿深度748～1 542m,第四系覆盖厚度超过500m,富铁矿体地球物理场信息弱,找矿难度大.为了进一步缩小找矿靶区,为钻孔部署提供依据,通过研究矿致异常的航空和地面重磁异常特征,利用化极、垂向导数、总梯度模等方法,提取富铁矿直接找矿信息,建立了本区地球物理找矿标志,确定了7处重点勘查区.本项...     

Discussion on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution and dynamics of southern Tibet

Opening-closing tectonics is a new idea for exploring the global tectonics, which holds that every tectonic movement of all materials and geological bodies on earth is characterized by opening and closing. The opening -closing tectonic view can be used to explain some geological phenomena developing in continents which cannot be reasonably explained by the theory of plate tectonics. Based on the available basic geological data and combining with the opening-closing view, we analyzed the divisions and characteristics of tectonic units in South Tibet, and propose that Tibet can be divided into gravitational detachment and detachment fault zones, which are superimposed thrust fault zones and reconstructed normal fault zones, respectively. Although the mainstream opinion believed that the Tibetan Plateau is formed by collision-compression orogenesis, field investigation revealed the existence of the Rongbu Temple normal fault in the1970s. We consider that the Rongbu Temple normal fault and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) were formed earlier than the South Tibet detachment fault, and the former two faults constitute the two boundaries of the southern Tibet extrusion structure. The South Tibet detachment fault partially superimposes on the MCT and manifests a relatively high angle in following the Rongbu Temple normal fault north of the Chomolangma. We suggest that the three fault systems are the products of different periods and tectonic backgrounds. The tectonic units, such as klippes and windows identified by previo us researchers in southern Tibet, belong to thrust fault system but usually have no obvious extrusion or thrust characteristics; however, they are characterized by missing strata columns as younger strata overlapping the older ones. These klippes and windows should be the results of later gravitational decollement and must be characterized as extensions and slips, respectively. Based on opening-closing theory, we suggest that since the Cenozoic the study area had undergone multistage development, which can be divided into the oceanic crust expansion (opening) and subduction (closing) and the continental collision (closing) and intracontinental extension (opening) stages. Geothermal energy from the deep earth, gravitational potential energy from the earth’s interior, and additional stress energy from tectonic movements, all played a key role in the multistage tectonic evolutionary process.     

蓝罗非鱼鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜技术对蓝罗非鱼侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞和侧经鳞进行了形态结构的观察。研究结果表明,蓝罗非鱼体表睛属栉鳞,外形呈近圆形,分为顶区、基区和侧区三个部分;顶区边缘具细小齿状棘突,区内分布有癌状或棒状突起;基区具有清晰致密的鳞纹和放射状排列的鳞沟,年轮线处鳞纹密集排列;侧区较为平滑,无明显的鳞沟;侧线鳞具有粗壮的侧线管口。     

ON THE POSSIBLE CHANGES OF THE SOLAR DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION DURING THE ACTIVITY CYCLE DETERMINED USING MICROWAVE LOW-BRIGHTNESS-TEMPERATURE REGIONS AND Hα FILAMENTS AS TRACERS

The solar rotation rate obtained using the microwave Low-brightness-Temperature Regions (LTRs) as tracers in the heliographic range ± 55° from the years 1979–1980, 1981–1982, 1987–1988, and 1989–1991 varied from 3% to 4% in medium latitudes, and below 1% at the equator. Using H filaments as tracers at higher latitudes from the years 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, and 1987, the solar rotation rate variation was between 2% and 8%. This represents an upper limit on the rotation rate variation during the solar activity cycle. Such changes could be caused by short-lived, large-scale velocity patterns on the solar surface. The Sun revealed a higher rotation rate on the average during the maxima of the solar activity cycles 21 and 22, i.e., in the periods 1979–1980 and 1989–1991, respectively, which differs from the rotation rates (lower on the average) in some years, 1981–1982 and 1987–1988, between the activity maximum and minimum (LTR data). Simultaneous comparison of rotation rates from LTRs and H filament tracings was possible in very limited time intervals and latitude bands only, and no systematic relationship was found, although the rotation rates determined by LTRs were mostly smaller than the rotation rates determined by H filaments. The errors obtained by applying different fitting procedures of the LTR data were analyzed, as well as the influence of the height correction. Finally, the north–south asymmetry in the rotation rate investigated by LTRs indicates that the southern solar hemisphere rotated slower in the periods under consideration, the difference being about 1%. The reliability of all obtained results is discussed and a comparison with other related studies was performed.     

中国对虾球形病毒的初步研究

用电子显微镜对中国对虾进行病毒的检测，发现一种新的球形病毒，这种病毒直径约８０～１００ｎｍ，具有包涵体，形态上有两种电子密度，球形病毒数量较多，分布在细胞质中，细胞核中没有发现，主要侵染对虾的肠、鳃、肌肉、肝胰腺等组织；宿主细胞的病理变化表现为内质网水肿，线粒体内嵴肿胀及局部溶解，酶原颗粒和粘蛋白原变性等；球形病毒与杆状病毒混合感染是对虾爆发流行病的主要病因