中国各省甲烷排放量初步估算及空间分布

CH₄是除CO₂以外的最重要的温室气体,是大气中含量最丰富的有机痕量气体。估算我国甲烷排放量对控制温室气体的排放有着重要的意义。采用2006年IPCC清单指南推荐的温室气体清单编制方法,结合国内外研究成果,选取适合我国的排放因子,利用官方统计数据对2000～2005年我国各省煤炭开采、废弃物管理、生物质燃烧、水稻种植、牲畜反刍、粪便管理等排放源的排放量分别做了估算,并得到空间分布状况。结果表明:与1994年相比,我国甲烷排放总量有所增大,1994年排放总量为34287Gg(1Gg=10⁶kg),至2005年增加到41493Gg,主要是煤炭开采甲烷排放量增加趋势最为明显,但是与我国GDP增加速度和能源使用量增加速度相比,我国的甲烷排放还是有所控制的。在空间分布上来看,各省排放量地区差异明显,CH₄排放量较大的区域主要集中在我国的东北、华北以及西南地区,西北地区和部分直辖市排放量较低,另外各省排放源的配置也各不相同,主要与各区域排放源的变化有关。     

对建（构）筑物沉降变形测量几个问题的研究

针对建(构)筑物沉降变形测量等级确定的问题，进行分析与研究，给出在不同工程要求条件下观测中误差的取值范围；同时对基准网、观测网点位的布设与观测提出了要求；指明在数据处理方面应注意的问题。     

昆明固置流动VLBI站点归心

参考《全球定位系统（GPS）测量规范》之附录G归心元素测定，采用测GPS的方法，对固置在昆明的流动VLBI站进行了归心计算，在得到流动VLBI用GPS技术所测量的地心坐标同时，指出了参考文献[1]中存在的矛盾与错误，并结合实际应用，给出了一组实用的计算公式。     

气象要素与云南震区最大震级的统计相关分析

根据地震活动与气象要素之间的密切关系 ,采用大量气象资料选取预报因子 ,建立逐步回归方程 ,将数理统计理论应用于地震预报 ,对中国云南 5个地震分区分上、下半年做出了最大震级预报 ,其置信度达到特别显著水平     

硅胶／壳聚糖吸附材料的制备及表征

利用γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂与活化硅胶表面的羟基反应,制备了硅烷化硅胶,所得产物与壳聚糖反应合成了硅胶／壳聚糖复合吸附材料。通过红外光谱分析（IR）,扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析对复合材料进行表征,并测试了硅胶／壳聚糖复合材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附能力。结果表明：复合吸附材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋具有很好的吸附能力,最大吸附率为96．01％及90．65％。     

THE FINE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF NORTH CHINA BLOCK REVEALED BY DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE

The study area is located at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China Block. In order to study the fine crustal structure and the deep-shallow structural features of faults in this area, we conducted deep seismic reflection profiling with the seismic profile of 100km long, directing NE-SW in Zhumadian City, Henan Province, and got clear lithospheric structure images along the profile. As regards the data acquisition, we applied the geometry of 25m group interval, 1000 recording channels and more than 60 folds. Seismic wave exploding applies the 30kg shots of dynamite source with the borehole depth of 25m. The shot interval is 200m. In data processing, we focused on improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Data processing methods mainly include first break removal, tomographic static correction, abnormal amplitude elimination, amplitude compensation, pre-stack denoising, surface consistent deconvolution, velocity analysis, several iterations of the residual static correction, dip moveout, post-stack time migration and post-stack denoising, etc. The profile with high signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. The reflection wave group characteristics is obvious in the crust, which reflects abundant information about geological structure. Along the profile, the crust is characterized by double-layer reflection structure, and the Moho surface is composed of a series of laminated arc-shaped strong reflections. The thickness of the upper crust is about 14.8~20.7km, and the total thickness of the crust is about 32.0~35.1km. The upper crust is dominated by the inclined, densely stratified or arc-shaped reflections. The lower crust is dominated by arc-shaped and inclined reflection, and there is a reflective transparent zone under the Moho surface. The reflection sequences with different directions and shapes in the upper crust constitute the nappe structure in southwest segment and the structural model of two concaves with one uplift in NE segment, which correspond to the north Qinling nappe, Zhumadian-Huaibin depression, Pingyu-Xiping uplift and a secondary depression, respectively. There are abundant arc-shaped reflection sequences in the lower crust, which may represent multi-stage magmatic activities. The deep seismic reflection profile shows that faults in the upper crust are well developed. According to the characteristics of reflected wave field in the profile, four groups of fault structure which contain ten faults with different scales are interpreted. Among them, faults F_P1, F_P2 and F_P3 constitute the thrust fault system in the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, and F_P5 and F_P7 are boundary faults of Zhumadian-Huaibin depression. These faults are all developed within the upper crust. In addition, the Fault F_PM is a large fault that cuts through the lower crust and Moho surface. The deep seismic reflection profile reveals the crustal structure and deep-shallow structural features of faults at the junction of the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block, which provides seismological evidence for the analysis of structural differences, the deep earth's interior processes and deep-shallow structural relationships between the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the southern margin of the North China block. The lower crust of the study area is divided into two parts by deep faults that dislocate the Moho surface. These two parts have distinct reflective structures, suggesting that the area has experienced intense complex tectonic movements. The faults in the upper crust control the formation of basin-mountain structure and stratigraphic deposition of this area. And deep faults in the crust that disrupt Moho surface create conditions for the upwelling and energy exchange of deep materials. All of these have regulated the composition of material and the distribution of energy in the crust. The deep faults cutting through the lower crust and Moho surface and the south-dipping arc-shaped and inclined strong reflection sequences developed in the lower crust should indicate the large-scale subduction of the southern margin of the North China block towards the south-trending Qinling orogenic belt.     

基于小波阈值的海洋磁力测量数据消噪方法

波浪噪声和随机噪声是影响海洋磁力测量数据处理精度的重要因素。基于小波变换理论,研究了海洋磁力测量数据中的波浪和随机噪声的消除方法。首先对带有噪声的实测磁异常数据进行频谱分析,确定相应的多分辨分析尺度。分别采用滑动拟合法、基于小波高频系数置零的消噪方法、基于小波阈值消噪方法进行消噪计算。实例计算表明:基于小波阈值消噪方法能够将磁异常中的噪声和真实的高频信息分离开来,进一步提高了消噪的精度和可靠性。     

海底管线磁场计算模型

为提高海底管线探测的效率,从磁偶极子模型出发,通过磁矩的轴向分解及其磁场的矢量合成,并考虑地磁背景场影响,提出了一种计算水下管线磁场的数学模型,通过仿真计算三种不同走向管线的磁场分布并与实测数据比对,证明所建模型是正确的。     

利用北斗多频观测进行舰船姿态测量

讨论了利用北斗二代卫星定位系统进行舰船姿态测量的可行性,并利用多频观测进行电离层折射误差的消除;使用TCAR和矩阵变换法进行模糊度的解算;最后利用姿态矩阵的正交特性进行模糊度有效性的分析。经仿真计算可知,利用北斗多频观测进行舰船姿态测量具有很高的精度和效率。     

海岩小说的几种叙述模式及弊端

海岩的长篇小说《河流如血》再创出版高记录,但作家仍局限于特有的小说叙述模式,这部作品没能做到相应的创新。概言之,模式第一面是“刑侦+恋爱”;模式第二面是“财子+佳人”;模式第三面是“道德+法制”。文学创作需要不断创新,创新的过程也是对创作模式的不断突破过程。作家应该警惕的是,不要让模式成为创作的桎梏。