煤中常量元素的赋存特征与研究意义

煤中常量元素 (包括Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Ti、P和Fe)是煤的重要无机组成,也是影响煤物理化学性质及加工利用的主要影响因素。本文结合华北鄂尔多斯盆地、开滦矿区和峰峰矿区晚古生代煤、贵州西部晚二叠世煤的具体实例,对煤中常量元素的赋存状态、地质成因和指相意义进行了总结,并对煤中常量元素在煤加工利用过程中的影响做了简要陈述。      

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long‐Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River,China

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur. Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards. Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations, geological field surveys, geophysical prospecting and geological dating results, this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism. This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP. The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km, with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area. The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout. During the sliding process, the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley. The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area. Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick. After the dam broke, the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide. The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift, topography, geomorphology and paleoclimatic change. The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured, thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence. Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault, which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide, may have been the main factor inducing landsliding. Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.     

怀柔应急水源地可持续供水与水源涵养研究

怀柔应急水源地自运行以来一直续采至今,由于连续干旱和多年的超设计规模运行,导致区内水文地质条件发生了较大变化,为保证其"应急供水"的能力,具备随时启动供水的功能,结合南水北调水源进京的机遇,从资源回补涵养和供水系统的热备运行两方面开展研究工作。在综合分析区域水文地质条件和研究多年地下水动态变化规律的基础上,利用地下水数值模型对怀柔应急水源地在不同开采条件下的回补方式和效果进行模拟,拟定了南水北调进京后区域水资源人工回补方案及应急水源地的热备运行方案,并模拟预测了水源地热备运行和地下水涵养效果,为怀柔应急水源地可持续供水提供科学依据。分析结果表明:南水北调水源进京后,怀柔应急水源地可采用夏季高峰集中供水与日常保压相结合的"集中开采"方案和日常"稳压开采"方案。     

喜马拉雅山珠峰绒布冰川流域径流模拟

基于2009年5-10月喜马拉雅山北坡珠峰绒布冰川流域实测水文气象数据、 50 m分辨率DEM和中国第一次冰川编目资料, 在HYCYMODEL水文模型中加入冰川消融子模块, 模拟了绒布冰川流域径流过程.冰川消融子模块以海拔5 180 m基站的实测日气温、 日降水作为模型输入, 把气温、 降水插值到该流域40个高程带中, 分别计算各高程带的冰川消融和裸地蒸发, 并考虑液态降水对冰面的加热作用.野外气象观测表明: 2009年5-10月流域海拔5 180~5 750 m内, 月气温递减率在0.63~0.73 ℃·(100m)^-1之间, 均值为0.70 ℃·(100m)^-1; 同期降水观测显示, 海拔5 180 m以下降水梯度为-7.3 mm·(100m)^-1, 该高度之上降水梯度为22 mm·(100m)^-1. HYCYMODEL水文模型的敏感性检验表明, 该流域径流变化主要受气温影响, 降水变化引起的径流变化较小, 气温和降水变化对流域径流的影响是非线性的.     

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床金矿体受赋矿层位(黑色岩系地层)及断裂构造双重因素控制,在走向上呈尖灭再现的透镜状产出.目前勘查程度仅限于矿区范围内,且勘查深度仅为地表以下300m左右.根据矿区多个金矿体地质特征及赋存位置,总结其控矿特征和成矿规律.分析认为矿区边部和深部具有很大的找矿潜力.     

中甸岛弧红山地区两期中酸性侵入岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

青藏高原东部中甸岛弧红山地区发育有印支期和燕山晚期两期中酸性岩浆侵入活动,主要集中在～216Ma和～76Ma两个时期。印支期中酸性岩浆的侵入活动形成于甘孜-理塘洋西向俯冲背景下,与矽卡岩型铜多金属成矿作用密切相关。形成于印支期的红山石英闪长玢岩具有埃达克质岩的部分地球化学特征,如高Sr(平均为938×10^-6)、低Y(平均为18.6×10^-6)、Yb(平均为1.7×10^-6)含量,轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)_N平均为20.1),同时也有着较高的Mg^#(平均为51)、Cr(平均为103×10^-6)、Ni(平均为22×10^-6)含量,指示印支期红山中酸性岩与普朗-雪鸡坪成矿岩体有着相似的地球化学特征,二者可能有着相似的物质源区和成岩模式。而形成于燕山晚期的红山花岗斑岩具有低Sr含量 (平均为149×10^-6)和更低的Y(平均为10.8×10^-6)、Yb(平均为0.9×10^-6)含量,轻重稀土强烈分异((La/Yb)_N平均为56.0),明显区别于义敦岛弧弧后区的高贡-措莫隆A型花岗岩,前者很可能是红山中下地壳部分熔融的产物。结合中甸岛弧发育于燕山晚期的斑岩型矿床,我们认为该地区发育于燕山晚期的中酸性岩浆作用以及与之相联系的斑岩型矿床形成于造山后伸展环境下。     

阿尔金山中-新生代隆升历史研究进展

阿尔金断裂左旋走滑的同时,伴随较大的逆冲分量,总体成花状构造,引起阿尔金山的垂向隆升,大量证据表明阿尔金山自中生代以来主要经历了6次快速隆升事件,即白垩纪、晚始新世—早渐新世、早中新世、中中新世、上新世、早更新世末—中更新世初。新生代的五期重要的隆升事件,与欧亚大陆拼合后的印度板块持续向北的挤压有关,俯冲引起青藏高原的阶段性快速隆升,是阿尔金山隆升的动力学机制。     

华北克拉通古老大陆地壳组成及演化

对鞍本、冀东、鲁西、阴山等早前寒武纪典型地区和深部物质进行了深入研究,总结了华北克拉通早期地壳形成演化历史。揭示出鄂尔多斯地块本身强烈卷入了古元古代晚期构造热事件。首次在华北克拉通划分出3个>2.6 Ga古陆块。     

基于非线性破坏准则的边坡稳定性极限分析

上限定理是求解岩土工程问题的有效工具。以上限定理为理论基础,分析边坡的稳定性问题,并考虑了岩土材料破坏准则的非线性特性。在非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下,采用条分法与极限分析上限法相结合的方法,对边坡稳定性进行分析。通过切线法引入非线性强度参数 、 ,推导了岩土材料在非线性破坏准则下的相关联流动法则,建立功能方程,推导了边坡直线滑裂面、折线滑裂面和光滑曲线滑裂面安全系数F的计算方程。采用数学规划法计算后与工程实际中常用的边坡稳定性分析方法进行对比,并获得安全系数F =1.0时的稳定性系数Ns。与已有的研究成果进行比较分析,结果表明了该方法的正确性及优越性     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.