基于多项Logit模型的土地覆被分层分类方法研究

探讨了一种利用多项Logit模型分层提取土地覆盖专题信息的方法.考虑客观存在的异物同谱现象,构建分层分类体系,针对不同层的地物类别选取不同的预测变量构建多项Logit模型,分步骤地提取各地物类专题信息.将此方法应用于美国蒙大拿州中部地区的土地覆盖专题信息提取,结果表明,该方法较常规的使用同一组特征变量构建单一模型一次性地划分所有地物类的方法在总体分类精度上有了明显改善.     

The Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base, China Meteorological Administration

Aiming at the needs of mechanism analysis of rainstorms and development of numerical prediction models in south China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences jointly set up the Longmen Cloud Physics Field Experiment Base,China Meteorological Administration. This paper introduces the instruments and field experiments of this base, provides an overview of the recent advances in retrieval a...     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

Magnetic anomalies over the Andaman Islands and their geological significance

The Andaman Islands form part of the outer-arc accretionary sedimentary complex belonging to the Andaman–Sumatra active subduction zone. The islands are characterized by thick cover of Neogene sediments along with exposed ophiolite rocks at few places. A regional magnetic survey was carried out for the first time over the Andaman Islands with a view to understand the correlation of anomaly signatures with surface geology of the islands. The residual total field magnetic anomaly maps have revealed distinct magnetic anomalies having intermediate to high amplitude magnetic signatures and correlate with the areas over/close to the exposed ophiolite rocks along the east coast of north, middle and the south Andaman Islands. The 2D modelling of magnetic anomalies along selected E–W profiles across the islands indicate that the ophiolite bodies extend to a depth of about 5–8 km and spatially correlate with the mapped fault/thrust zones.     

阿尔金造山带帕夏拉依档岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

出露于阿尔金造山带帕夏拉依档沟一带的帕夏拉依档岩体主要岩性为二长花岗岩、偶含斑黑云母二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示其形成年龄460.1±3.9Ma,表明帕夏拉依档岩体形成于中—晚奥陶世。地球化学结果显示,常量元素具有富硅(Si O2=72.08%~72.27%)、富铝(Al2O3=14.10%~14.79%,A/CNK=1.06~1.18)、富钾(K2O=5.55%~6.33%,K2O/Na2O=1.95~2.21),低钛(Ti O2=0.19%~0.23%)、贫铁(TFe O=1.48%~1.79%)、贫镁(Mg O=0.22%~0.28%)的特点,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的高钾钙碱性特征。稀土元素总量较高(165.58×10-6~229.86×10-6),轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素亏损,有右倾型特征和明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.11~0.17)。Ba、Sr、Ti等具负异常,Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素具正异常,Rb/Sr比值高(9.05~12.57),显示S型花岗岩特征。结合原岩判别图解,推断其源区物质主要来源于上地壳变泥质沉积岩类。结合区域资料,认为帕夏拉依档岩体形成于挤压体制向拉张体制转换的构造环境,属后碰撞花岗岩类,表明在中—晚奥陶世阿中地块和和柴达木地块间阿尔金造山带已由挤压碰撞阶段转为伸展后碰撞阶段。     

箭载GPS接收机伪距观测量及观测时间修正

针对某型号箭载接收机仅下传信号发射时刻的小数部分而导致地面设备求解伪距时存在整秒模糊度,以及由于伪距测量时标更新频率小于伪距采样频率导致的地面设备定位精度变差与100ms模糊度问题,该文提出了一种伪距观测量及观测时间的实时修正方法。首先,分析运载火箭、GPS卫星以及地球三者之间的位置关系;然后,计算随火箭飞行高度变化的伪距理论值;最后,根据伪距理论值的不同特性,把运载火箭飞行区域划分为4个区域,并针对不同区域设计了相应的实时修正算法。基于火箭飞行实测数据的实验结果表明,该算法能够解决整秒模糊度、100ms模糊度以及伪距观测值与伪距观测时间不一致等问题,最终定位精度也能够满足试验要求。     

盐层厚度对褶皱拼接样式的影响——以库车褶皱 冲断带西段前缘背斜带为例

本文综合利用钻井、地震反射剖面、遥感卫星影像和数字高程模型数据,分析了库车褶皱-冲断带前缘盐层厚度的变化特征及其对背斜样式(波长W)、褶皱拼接样式的影响。研究表明,秋里塔格构造带由于下伏盐层初始厚度约1.0km,且存在大量外来盐岩流入,发育延伸大约300km的背斜带;其背斜初始波长约22km,枢纽间距(D)达到10.3km的背斜也能发生斜向拼接。然而,喀拉玉尔滚构造带下伏盐层初始厚度为0.1~0.9km,且由西往东减薄;它主要由雁列式背斜构成,背斜波长较小(大约7~11km)。由于下伏盐层厚度不同,背斜核部断层发育特征也存在明显差异,导致枢纽间距(D)为6.5km的中喀、南喀背斜发生斜向拼接,而枢纽间距较小(D=6.1km)的北喀背斜却成为孤立背斜。因此,我们认为盐层的厚度不同导致了褶皱波长和断层发育特征的差异,进而影响背斜之间能否发生拼接。本文的研究结果需要得到进一步深入研究的验证,但势必将有助于加深对于挤压环境下盐构造变形样式及其对褶皱发育的控制作用的理解。     

ArcGIS实体化金字塔的瓦片地图漏洞检查方法

针对GeoGlobe软件在瓦片地图生成过程中容易产生漏洞现象(也称漏片)的问题,该文提出了一种基于ArcGIS实体化金字塔瓦片地图漏洞检查方法。利用ArcGIS软件实体化格网坐标和空间位置自动匹配的检查方式,能够快速地检测地图瓦片数量、定位漏洞坐标位置。实验表明,该方法提高了质检员工作效率,作业时间只有传统方法的6%~10%,在保证100%的检测精度上解放了劳动力,降低生产成本。     

塔里木盆地西克尔萤石地球化学特征及成因讨论

通过对塔里木盆地西克尔地区萤石矿及赋矿围岩进行地球化学分析,探讨该区萤石矿成因。研究表明,萤石矿物稀土元素配分模式图表现出轻稀土元素相对富集,正铕异常特点;微量元素分析显示Eu、Sr、Ba具有相关性;Sr同位素比值与围岩相近。最终认为萤石矿成矿流体主要来自于加热的盆地卤水,微量（包括稀土）元素来自下伏地层及围岩,Ba、Eu、F等元素可能来自下寒武统硅质岩及磷块岩。     

相山铀矿田邹家山矿床钛铀矿赋存特征及成因

随着开采深度的不断增加,邹家山铀矿床深部矿化的钛铀矿含量明显高于浅部。以铀矿石特征为研究重点,通过野外地质调查、岩相学、电子探针和化学分析等方法,初步查明钛铀矿的赋存特征：（1）钛铀矿包裹沥青铀矿;（2）围绕黄铁矿和二氧化钛矿物边缘生长;（3）钛铀矿在伊利石、磷灰石、萤石边缘产出;（4）少量沥青铀矿充填于钛铀矿中。钛铀矿空间分布特征为：在横向上集中于含矿断裂中,垂向上随深度增加而有含量增多的趋势。钛与铀的含量呈正相关关系,钛铀矿矿化仅有1期,而沥青铀矿则为两期。钛铀矿成因主要为沥青铀矿交代含钛矿物。