Environmental flow assessment in a lake-marsh system with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns

Environmental flow (e-flow) assessment is essential for the ecological protection and restoration of lake-marsh systems. Previous studies on e-flow assessment for lake-marsh systems focused on lake-marsh systems with natural seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., low water level in winter and high water level in summer). However, they have not considered lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., high water level in winter and low water level in summer). The reverse seasonal hydrological patterns impose seriously negative impacts on waterbirds, because the hydrological patterns could lead to limited plant germination in spring and massive plant death in summer, leaving few plants available as food for waterbirds in winter, and could consequently reduce the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds. This study took Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in China as the study area. Based on the habitat requirements of waterbirds, the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds under different water-depth and aquatic plant distribution scenarios were calculated. By exploring the impacts of reverse seasonal hydrological processes on waterbird habitats, we determined the necessary e-flows for lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns to meet the needs of waterbird habitat. The results showed that the water level of Hongze Lake should be controlled to 13.0–13.1 m in March, 12.5–12.6 m in July, and 12.9–13.0 m in October, which can meet the needs of waterbirds for both shelter and foraging.     

农村劳动力转移就业空间决策过程研究——以合肥市为例

从农村劳动力的微观主体视角,通过转移就业动机、环境认知与决策方式的路径分析,探讨了农村劳动力转移就业的空间决策过程及其内部关系,揭示了其空间决策机制。对合肥市的实证表明,农村劳动力的就业动机对环境认知有显著正向影响,就业地距离对决策方式有显著正向影响,就业地形象对决策方式有一定的负向影响,其它环境认知对决策方式没有显著影响,进而提出了促进农村劳动力有效转移的对策。     

阳江Ms 4.9地震活动特征、影响场及应急对策

对2004年9月17日阳江Ms4．9地震进行总结。分析认为,这次地震属1969年阳江Ms6．2主震后的晚期强余震,北东东向的平冈断裂和北西向的洋边海断裂是本次地震的主要发震构造,具有逆冲特征,这次地震的震感范围大,影响波及面广,震中烈度达Ⅵ,造成了一定破坏。震前1个月至临震微震（ML〈1．0）频度密集,部分前兆台站出现中期和短期异常。文中最后概述了地震前后的应急对策和发挥的作用。     

A Study on the Forming Conditions of Basalts in Seamounts of the South China Sea

Volcanic rocks in seamounts of the South China Sea consist mainly of alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, trachyandesitic pumice, dacite, etc. Inclusions in the minerals of the volcanic rocks are mainly amorphous melt inclusions, which reflects that the volcanic rocks are characterized by submarine eruption and rapid cooling on the seafloor. Furthermore, fluid-melt inclusions have been discovered for the first time in alkali basalts and mantle-derived xenoliths. indicating a process of differentiation between magma and fluid in the course of mantle partial melting. Alkali basalts and inclusions may have been formed in this nonhomogeneous system. Rock-forming temperatures of four seamounts were estimated as follows: the Zhongnan seamount alkali basalt 1155 ∼ 1185 °C; the Xianbei seamount alkali basalt 960 ∼ 1200 °C; tholeiitic basalt 1040 ∼ 1230 °C; the Daimao seamount tholeiitic basalt 1245 ∼ 1280 °C; and the Jianfeng seamount trachyandestic pumice 880 ∼ 1140 °C. Equilibrium pressures of alkali basalts in the Zhongnan and Xianbei seamounts are 13.57 and 8.8 × 10⁸ Pa, respectively. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of mantle xenoliths from the Xianbei seamount were estimated at 1073 ∼ 1121 °C, and pressures at (15.58 ∼ 22.47)×10⁸Pa, suggesting a deep-source (e.g. the asthenosphere) for the alkali basalts. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey.     

从"02.6.29"天气过程谈西北气流型冰雹的预报

本文分析了2002年6月29日夜间临汾市北部降雹过程的环流分型，形势背景，不稳定度，动力，热力，水汽条件，云图和雷达回波特征以及T213指导预报产品的相关物理量的预报情况，总结了西北气流型降雹相对其它分型的特点和预报技术要点。     

西藏斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液铜多金属矿成矿作用、勘查方向与资源潜力

西藏主要成矿带是东特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分。1999年以来,中国地质调查局地质大调查的全面实施,国家公益性基础研究的不断深入和商业性勘查的及时跟进,真正意义上的找矿突破得以实现。论文在前人资料和研究成果综述的基础上,结合研究团队近年来的研究进展,总结了西藏各成矿带主要矿床的地质特征和成矿规律,梳理了若干影响勘查评价和找矿突破的重大问题,构建了主要矿集区的勘查模型,提出进一步找矿方向和资源潜力。西藏四大成矿带特色鲜明,东特提斯成矿域集聚了从新特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞的多种矿床类型,控矿因素复杂,主要矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型铜多金属和岩浆热液脉型矿床,成岩成矿时代从170 Ma到12 Ma,具有成矿时代跨度大、矿床类型丰富、成矿元素复杂、矿石质量较好之特点,已经成为我国最重要的资源储备基地。藏东玉龙成矿带除了斑岩型铜(钼)矿以外,斑岩体外接触带的矽卡岩型矿床具有重要工业价值,如玉龙Ⅱ、V号矿体、昂青银铅锌(铜)矿,成岩成矿时代在40~38 Ma,成矿岩体和矿体受北西向走滑构造控制的背斜控制。冈底斯成矿带类型发现识别出赋存于林子宗群典中组的低硫化浅成低温热液型矿床,显示谢通门—昂仁县以西林子宗群分布区寻找斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜多金属(银、金、铅锌)矿床具有重要意义;矿床学研究成果作为构造地质背景确定的指针之一,认为印度大陆和亚洲大陆的碰撞事件发生在52~50 Ma,至少典中组火山岩还是陆缘弧的产物,并形成典型的浅成低温热液矿床,甚至斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床;含矿斑岩接触带有碳酸盐岩,接触带和深部需要勘查评价矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体或铅锌银矿体,90~13 Ma侵位的花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩可形成规模较大的矽卡岩型矿床,甲玛、驱龙外围的知不拉、邦铺、洞中拉—蒙亚啊矿集区、努日、尕尔穷—嘎拉勒等矿床均具有相似的特征,而这种类型矿体较之斑岩型铜(钼)矿更具工业价值。班公湖—怒江成矿带多龙矿集区120~116 Ma的斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统形成斑岩型-高硫化浅成低温热液型-隐爆角砾岩型矿床,~110 Ma的陆相安山质火山岩——美日切错组(K1m),作为良好的成矿后盖层,是该类矿床得以保存的必要条件;班—怒结合带两侧形成于140~110 Ma的则弄群、多尼组、去申拉组、美日切错组等安山质、英安质、流纹质火山岩具有强烈的蚀变,发育火山机构,是新特提斯洋俯冲形成的产物,成矿地质背景类似于南美安第斯成矿带,显示良好的成矿潜力。西藏已经初步查明的铜资源量6 000万吨,钼资源量300万吨,共伴生金1 000 t,共伴生银25 000 t,铅锌资源量1 000万吨,已经成为我国最重要的有色金属储备基地,研究认为西藏铜的资源潜力将超过15 000万吨。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALY OF THE TROPICAL INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS IN NORTHERN WINTER*

In terms of observational analysis and numerical simulations,study is performed of the synergistic effects of the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific SSTA on the atmosphere in northern winter.It turns out that the SSTA features show in-phase variation for the Indian Ocean and the central/eastern Pacific at low latitudes and anti-phase change compared with that in the neighborhood of the western Pacific "warming pool".When negative SSTA in the western Pacific and positive SSTA in the central/eastern Pacific and the Indian Ocean are available,the 500 hPa height anomaly exhibits a wave train of a positive-negative-positive anomaly following a great-circle path emanating from the subtropical western Pacific via the NW portion to North America,with enhanced westerly jet over midlatitude East Asia and the NW Pacific,and v.v.The comparison to the results from the numerical modeling of the tropical western Pacific SSTA reveals the importance of the synergistic effects of the oceans on atmospheric circulations.     

临兴地区山西组致密砂岩气开采潜力地质评价方法

为了进一步开发煤系致密砂岩气,对影响致密砂岩气开采潜力的各种因素进行了综合研究,确立了临兴地区山西组致密砂岩气开采潜力评价的3个二级指标（富集、高渗及可采性）及10个三级指标。根据层序地层体系域发育程度,采用模糊决策两两矩阵和灰色关联分析相结合的方法建立了致密砂岩储层评价模型,利用层序地层单元对砂岩储层进行评价,实现了有利储层的精细划分。结果表明：两两矩阵方法与灰色关联分析方法相结合既提高了"高渗"类别6个三级指标数据之间的关联性,又减少了两两比较法的主观性对参数权重产生的误差;结合层序地层体系域中煤、砂体展布规律,使储层划分、评价更加准确。研究区西南部为山1段开采潜力富集区,东北部为山2段开采潜力富集区。     

Coupled influence of flow velocity and water temperature on grass carp swimming behaviour and gonad development

Reproductive migration is an essential phase in the life of many fish. During this process, swimming behaviour and gonad development are key factors related to the migration quality, and both factors are strongly influenced by water temperature and flow velocity. Many studies have explored the separate effects of these variables on fish swimming ability or gonad development, but researchers have seldom investigated the simultaneous effects of low flow velocity and water temperature on the fish swimming behaviour and gonad development. To provide that knowledge, we conducted laboratory experiments that explored the coupled effects of low water temperature and flow on warm water fish swimming behaviour and gonad development. At five temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, and 24°C), we observed the movement of migratory warmwater grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) at seven flow velocities (0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 m/s), then explored their gonad development by comparing the level of plasma 17β-estradiol and testosterone in fish travelling through a simulated fish way (flow stimulation) and in a fish tank (no flow stimulation). We used Bayesian networks to explore the acceptable hydrological condition for fish migration. We found that the minimum flow velocity for acceptable migration quality is a function of the water temperature, and that increasing water temperature improves fish movement success and increases the movement distance, especially at a low flow velocity. In addition, increasing water temperature (between 16 and 24°C in this experiment design) can enhance the effect of flow stimulation on gonad development. Overall, our results can broaden the understanding of reducing water temperature and flow velocity in fish swimming behaviour and gonad development, provide basic data to support hydrological process controls and the development of measures to protect fish migration.     

模拟AMSR-E数据的地表多参数反演

为了提供更适用的地表参数反演方案,对Njoku等模拟AMSRE-E数据的多参数反演工作重新进行正向模拟和算法改进,算法用MATLAB开发实现.反演结果表明,改进后的反演方法不仅在精度上略高于原方法,而且还能反演裸露地表可实际测量的粗糙度参数,并在更大的植被含水量范围内达到较高的反演精度.