断层崖研究与地震危险性估计——以贺兰山东麓断层崖为例

本文研究了断层崖的形成条件及演化过程,提出了必须对断层崖同时进行几何学和沉积学的研究,并根据我们对贺兰山山前断裂带的断层崖的研究结果,初步总结了断层崖崩积楔的若干特征及其在大地震重复性研究中的意义。根据对宁夏红果子沟和苏峪口断层崖几何学和沉积学的研究结果,确定了贺兰山山前断裂自全新世以来曾发生过4次快速错动事件.从老至新分别命名为 A、B、C、D 事件。由于第二期崩积楔下部物质的 C~(14)年龄为距今5745±90年,所以,B 事件大约发生在距今约6000年左右。第四次事件(D)发生在距今400年以内,以致使明代长城发生错动,西错断点的垂直断距为0.35米,东错断点为0.95米。由此估计4次断层错动事件的重复间隔约为2000—2500年。根据三期古崩积楔高度估计三次古错动的垂直位移幅度分别为:红果子沟西部断层崖为0.25—0.5米,东部断层崖为0.9—1.2米,苏峪口为0.8—1.6米,它们均与串件 D 相当。若假定事件 D 与1739年平罗地震相关,则上述4次断层错动的重复间隔即为7—7~(1/2)级以上地震的重复间隔。此数据与根据相同地段断层滑动速率计算的大地震平均重复间隔相当。宁夏北部贺兰山东麓断层为右旋走滑正断层,全新世以来垂直滑动速率北段为0.2—0.25毫米/年,中段为0.5—0.63毫米/年。而宁夏南部南、西华山断裂第四纪以来为左旋走滑断裂,20000年以来的走滑速率最大可达28.65毫米/年。这是因为二者分属于华北和青藏两个不同的构造区,因而具有不同的构造活动性及地震重复率。     

用NC搭建政务办公平台

本文介绍了如何通过合理部署NC以及服务器中心,搭建一套经济实用、简便快捷、安全可靠的电子政务办公平台,使之能高效运行政务办公系统,并加强信息安全管理。     

Remarks on Urban Active Fault Exploration and Assessment of Fault Activity

to the practice of urban active fault exploration and associated fault activity assessment conducted in recent years, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in geological, geomorphological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and proposes the following means and suggestions to solve these problems. To determine the most recent faults or fault zones, emphasis should be placed on identifying the youngest active faults and offset geomorphology. To understand the history of faulting and to discover the latest offset event, it is suggested that geophysical prospecting, drilling and trenching be conducted on one pro/de. Because of significant uncertainties in late Quaternary dating, we advise systematic sampling and the use of multiple dating methods. Shallow seismic reflection has been proven to be the most useful method in urban active fault exploration. However, there is a pressing need to increase the quality of data acquisition and processing to obtain high resolution images so as to enhance our ability to identify active faults. The combination of seismic P-wave reflection and S-wave reflection methods is proved to be a powerful means to investigate the tectonic environments of the deep crust.     

济阳坳陷馆陶组层序地层研究

利用钻井、测井、露头和地震等资料采用沉积学、层序地层学、地震地质学等方法,研究济阳坳陷馆陶组沉积特征,并进行了层序地层划分,结果发现:济阳坳陷馆陶组地层主要发育河流相沉积,馆陶组下段存在以浅水湖泊为背景的辫状河三角洲沉积,馆陶组上段发育湖泊三角洲沉积以及曲流河浅水三角洲沉积,在此基础上,进行了层序界面识别与层序划分,可将馆陶组地层可划分出一个构造层序,2个三级层序,层序底界面都为I型层序界面,每个层序内又可划分出3个体系域,即低水位体系域、扩张体系域和高水位体系域。     

大地震重复特征与平均重复间隔的取值问题

对延怀盆地及海原断裂古地震的详细研究表明,大地震的重复行为具有多样性。特征地震是大多数断裂活动的行为特征,但特征地震存在分级性,大地震的重复时间间隔存在分阶段性,以及断裂的相互作用会影响大地震的复发序列。因此,当大地震重复行为出现时间上的分阶段性,或特征地震分级现象导致不同强度的古地震间隔时间有明显差别时,用确定性或时间相依的概率方法评价大地震的危险性,需要分阶段或分级计算不同间隔阶段的平均值     

大别超高压变质过程中部分熔融作用的地球化学约束

报道了大别超高压变质带西部麻城四道河榴辉岩-围岩剖面系统的元素和同位素地球化学研究成果, 对超高压变质榴辉岩在俯冲和折返过程中的部分熔融作用进行了探讨. 研究表明, 榴辉岩原岩性质类似于N-MORB, 其长英质围岩可分为TTG片麻岩和含石榴石花岗岩; 两类长英质围岩Sm -Nd同位素特征与其寄主的榴辉岩相似; REE特征、w (Nb)/w (Ta) 比值、Nd同位素组成及锆石U -Pb定年等地球化学证据支持了TTG片麻岩为大别地区陆壳俯冲过程中发生部分熔融作用而形成, 其与超高压榴辉岩的关系属特殊的异地关系; 含榴花岗岩为超高压榴辉岩折返过程中的部分熔融作用形成, 但因其形成环境为石榴石稳定场的深度, 故含榴花岗岩与超高压榴辉岩被视为近似原地的构造关系.      

洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2010年5月至2011年2月对洪泽湖轮虫进行季度采样,分析了洪泽湖轮虫的种类组成、时空分布及其群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明,洪泽湖共观察到轮虫17属34种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga).轮虫种类的空间分布格局呈现较大差异,种类数在北部成子湖最高(27种),西南部湖区次之(26种),东部沿岸带最低(19种);而密度则表现为西南部湖区略高于成子湖,东部沿岸带最低.轮虫的群落结构季节差异明显,密度和生物量在春季最高,秋季次之,而夏季最低.典范对应分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a等因子对轮虫种类的季节变化及密度生物量的影响最大;总磷、总氮及可溶性无机氮等水体中的营养盐也是影响轮虫群落结构的重要因素.     

田野土墩墓地学影像特征与成像机理及解译分析——以浙北湖州地区为例

浙北湖州地区土墩墓分布广,数量多。建立符合浙北实际的土墩墓影像解译标志是调查、发现和研究土墩墓的技术关键。本文总结了多种土墩墓的分布规律和影像特征,并对易与土墩墓混淆的其他墓葬和地物的影像进行了研究。在此基础上对土墩墓影像的成像机理作了分析和归纳,得出土墩墓影像地表特征的基本规律。     

GNSS干扰调制方式识别方法研究

针对GNSS干扰的现状和干扰减缓的迫切需求,对干扰的调制方式进行识别,给出干扰调制方式的关键特征提取方法;对常见的干扰进行分析,并给出识别流程;通过仿真,对干扰识别方法的性能进行评估,给出识别的准确率.     

Learning and Progressing Through Scientific Practices—Commemorating the 90th Anniversary of the Haiyuan Earthquake and Working to Improve the Ability of Earthquake Prediction and Seismic Hazard Reduction

The great Haiyuan earthquake occurred at 20:06:09 on December 16,1920 in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The magnitude of this earthquake is 8.5,listed as one of the three greatest earthquakes to ever occur in Chinese continent.This devastating earthquake killed about 230,000 people according to previous reports.Recent studies show that total casualties may have reached 270,000.The study of this earthquake using modern scientific and technological methods is the first in the history of earthquake research in China.Significant breakthroughs took place in the middle of last century.The earthquake surface rupture,with 200km in length and prominent left-lateral strike-slip displacement,was discovered.The first monograph on the Haiyuan earthquake was published.In the 1980s,innovative large-scale geological mapping technology for active faults was developed during studies on the Haiyuan earthquake surface ruptures,with the publication of the first large-scale map of the Haiyuan active fault.Quantitative studies were carried out on the fine structure and geometry of the fault zone,Holocene slip rate,co-seismic displacement,paleoearthquake and recurrence intervals and future earthquake risk assessment.The innovative studies also included rupture propagation along the strike-slip fault,evolution of pull-apart basins,determination of total displacement of the strike-slip fault,transition equilibrium between strike-slip displacement along its major strand and crustal shortening at the end of the strike-slip fault,and the mechanism of deformation on Liupan Mountain.On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Haiyuan earthquake,careful retrospect of scientific progress achieved during the recent 20 years would be helpful in providing further direction in the study of active faults and earthquake hazard reduction.While taking this occasion to remember those lost by the Haiyuan earthquake,we aim to make greater contributions to earthquake prediction and seismic hazard reduction.