福建李家坊金矿床磁铁矿成因及其对金矿化过程的指示

福建泰宁李家坊金矿床位于武夷山成矿带中段,为闽西北何宝山矿田内新发现的一个中型金矿床,成因类型尚未明确。磁铁矿是该矿床中常见的氧化物,文章应用磁铁矿微量元素特征对李家坊金矿床成矿过程与成因类型进行约束。基于野外地质踏勘和钻孔岩芯编录,结合室内详细的岩相学观察,依据磁铁矿的结构和矿物共生组合,文章将其分为4种类型（Mt1a、Mt1b、Mt2和Mt3）。其中,Mt1a位于铜金矿脉边缘,呈板柱状,与绿泥石共生; Mt1b位于铜金矿脉边缘,呈自形-半自形粒状,与绿泥石-赤铁矿共生; Mt2位于铜金矿脉中,呈脉状产出,穿插早阶段的石英-黄铁矿脉,与绿泥石-绿帘石共生; Mt3位于铜金矿脉中,呈半自形-他形粒状,与绿帘石-赤铁矿共生,被后阶段黄铜矿包裹、交代。金主要以自然金和银金矿的形式赋存于Mt3中。原位微区分析结果表明,李家坊金矿不同类型磁铁矿均属于热液型磁铁矿。此外,从Mt1a型到Mt3型磁铁矿,w（Ti）呈逐渐降低的趋势,指示热液流体逐渐向低温条件演化; w（V）表现出先降低后升高再降低的变化规律,暗示热液流体的氧逸度有明显波动,但总体呈升高趋势。磁铁矿的显微结构和化学组成具矽卡岩型矿化特征,是判断矿床成因类型的证据。其中,Mt3型磁铁矿与Au矿化密切相关,其矿物组合与微量元素特征可指示金在低温高氧逸度的环境下沉淀。     

新疆西南天山木扎尔特一带低压麻粒岩相变质作用P-T轨迹及其地质意义

本文首次报道在新疆西南天山木扎尔特一带发现了二辉石麻粒岩和麻粒岩相变质的堇青石榴矽线石片麻岩。二辉石麻粒岩的矿物组合为单斜辉石-斜方辉石-黑云母-角闪石-斜长石-石英。堇青石榴矽线石片麻岩矿物组合为堇青石-矽线石-石榴石-黑云母-斜长石-石英。岩石学和矿物学特征表明它们是典型的低压麻粒岩相变质岩石,其变质作用经历了两期演化：a．峰期麻粒岩相变质,T=681～705℃,P=5．4～5．8kbar;b．峰后角闪岩相退变阶段,T：571～637℃．P=4．7～5．3kbar。其变质作用P-T轨迹具有逆时针近等压降温(IBC)的特点,代表该地区可能为塔里木板块向伊犁．中天山板块俯冲过程中,在陆壳一侧所产生的陆源岩浆弧区域,由于受到下部岩浆热源的影响,在拉伸环境下出现低压麻粒岩相变质。通过分析低压麻粒岩相岩石与其南部高压一超高压变质带的大地构造位置和年代关系,我们认为该地区的低压麻粒岩相变质岩石可能与其南部的西天山高压一超高压变质带组成了双变质带。     

基于熵权法的土地覆被动态遥感监测与评价——以新疆伊犁地区和博州为例

基于MODIS数据,选取植被净第一性生产力(NPP)、温度植被旱情指数(TVDI)、改进型土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)、陆地表面温度(LST)4个对干旱地区地表覆被具有显著指示作用的指标,结合IGBP土地利用类型分类图,以新疆伊犁地区和博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州)为例,对研究区2003—2007年土地覆被动态进行监测,并利用熵权法确定各个指标的权重,在此基础上进行土地覆被动态的综合评价。结果表明,不同指标对不同的土地利用类型具有不同的适宜性和指示度;在新疆伊犁地区和博州,土地覆被动态地域差异性明显,土地覆被退化程度较大的土地类型为水体、草地、永久湿地、城镇,而森林、灌木林、荒漠草原和农田等土地类型有所改善,呈现出“局部改善、总体退化”的局面;引用熵权法将多个遥感指标综合起来进行土地覆被动态的监测与评价的途径是可行且有效的,可为干旱区土地覆被、荒漠化、土地退化、植被变化等工作的监测与评价提供可靠的技术方法与有价值的案例。     

Ocean Model Open Boundary Conditions with Volume,Heat and Salinity Conservation Constraints简

Open boundary conditions （OBCs） for a regional ocean model that can be integrated stably over a long timeframe, as well as satisfy the volume, heat and salinity conservation constraints, were developed. First, the idea that the inward and outward flux information can be treated separately in the OBCs was adopted. Second, in order to maintain the property that the volume, heat and salinity remains conserved in the simulation domain, conservation constraints were added to the OBCs, and an inverse method utilized to solve the constraint equations. Ideal experiments were designed to investigate the conservation property, and the OBCs were found to work efficiently to maintain the volume, heat and salinity conservation. It was found that simulations were comparable to observations when the OBCs were applied to a regional ocean model.     

签到位置数据的密度峰值快速搜索与聚类方法

位置签到数据蕴含了城市居民活动变化。由于客户端位置候选问题,不同的签到行为以同一候选位置签到时会产生位置重复现象。针对现有密度聚类方法在签到数据聚类上存在的问题,以快速搜索和查找密度峰值聚类算法(CFSFDP)为基础,提出了签到位置数据的密度峰值快速搜索与聚类方法。首先,引入位置重复频率来表达签到位置重复,然后,对原始签到位置数据点统计位置重复频率并重新设计数据结构,以新的空间点要素为研究对象寻找密度峰值点;最后,构建了峰值点密度簇聚类算法,在点要素集聚类过程中考虑密度连通性来保证峰值密度簇的连续与完整。试验表明,所提出的聚类方法有效避免了重复度较高的离群位置对象选为峰值并聚类的情况,并具有良好的空间适应性。所提取的密度峰值点不仅可以用来表示热区的中心,还能够反映热区的集中趋势,进而可以帮助探索热区的动态变化情况。     

A new multipath mitigation method based on adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising and double reference shift strategy

Multipath disturbance is one of the major error sources in high-accuracy positioning for global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Although various methods based on software and hardware strategies have been developed to mitigate this error, they are still limited by different kinds of factors and the effect is not ideal. After analyzing the existing methods, a new single-difference sidereal filtering method, based on adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising and double reference shift strategy (ATDR), is proposed to mitigate multipath effects for static short-baseline GNSS applications. The key idea of the proposed method is the use of both the adaptive thresholding wavelet denoising to extract an accurate multipath correction model from the reference Day and the double reference shift strategy to mitigate multipath for subsequent Day 2 more accurately and efficiently. By applying the introduced adaptive thresholding method, the average improvement rate of the RMS values of the single-difference residuals can reach about 15.82% compared with the constant thresholding method. Moreover, after applying the proposed ATDR method, the 3D positioning precision is improved by about 37.73% for the single epoch mode with 30 s data sampling rate and about 31.22% for the continuous mode with 1 s high sampling rate compared with the original results. Even compared with the constant thresholding single orbital reference (CTSR) method, the improvement percentage is about 33.94% in single epoch mode and about 25.40% in continuous mode for 3D positioning precision, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the two experiments indicate that the proposed ATDR method performs much better than the CTSR method in mitigating multipath for different sampling rates and different processing modes in the measurement domain for GNSS static short-baseline postprocessing applications.     

青藏高原地区地气系统太阳辐射能收支的研究

本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月Nimbus-7的月平均行星反射率资料和根据卫星资料得到的地面总辐射、地表反射率的估算结果,分析了青藏高原地区地气系统(大气顶)的太阳辐射能收支和地表、大气对太阳辐射吸收的时空变化特征,给出了表征太阳辐射能收支的一些基本参数,讨论了以行星反射率为基本参数表征大气、地表对太阳辐射吸收的参数化方法。分析表明:过渡季节5月份的行星反射率极小值的出现对青藏高原地区太阳辐射能收支有重要调节作用;全年平均而言,青藏高原地区被地气系统反射和被大气、地表吸收的太阳辐射的比例为37:18:45。     

THE CHARACTERS OF ENERGY BUDGET ON THE GOBI AND DESERT SURFACE IN HEXI REGION*

In the paper,the characters of surface energy budget on Huayin(Gobi)and the desert surface during the period from 26 June to 31 August 1990 in the HEIFE have been analyzed,then have been compared with the observed results during 4-19 September 1988 in the Pilot Observation Period of the HEIFE.The results show that the atmosphere is in superadiabatic unstable state and there is a phenomenon of inverse humidity to form negative water vapour flux.The sensible heat flux on the surface energy budget is in majority,but the latent heat flux may be neglected over the Gobi and desert surface in the cloudless daytime in the summer.     

城镇化模式与低碳发展的关联分析——以石家庄市为例

不同城镇化发展模式对城市碳排放有显著影响。以石家庄市为案例,基于历年统计数据及实地调研数据,采用情景分析方法,定量核算石家庄市不同城镇化模式下的碳排放,结果表明在不同的城镇化模式下,石家庄市能源消费和碳排放将存在显著差异。与延续目前相对高碳的城镇化模式相比,在低碳城镇化模式下,2015—2030年,在城镇化率同样提升18.7%的情景下,碳排放的年均增速将由4.3%下降至0.4%,碳减排效果非常显著。