基于重力资料的南海及邻区断裂分布特征研究

断裂构造作为重力异常一个非常重要的解释成果,它与能源和矿产资源勘查、构造单元划分和大地构造分区有着密切的联系.有些地质界线以断裂为界,有些能源或矿产资源与断裂伴生.本文利用重力异常,采用归一化总水平导数垂向导数（NVDR-THDR）断裂识别方法推断了南海及邻区主要断裂平面分布位置,首次采用重力异常曲率属性方法反演了南海及邻区主要断裂视深度.在南海及邻区推断断裂57条,其中一级断裂14条,二级断裂43条;断裂走向以NE和NW向为主,其次为NEE、NWW和NNE向以及NNW、EW和近SN向;一级断裂长度大部分为600~1400 km,二级断裂长度大部分为400~900 km;断裂视深度约为2~10 km,其中一级断裂视深度大部分为2~10 km,二级断裂视深度大部分为2~8 km.该研究成果可以为南海及邻区油气勘探、矿产资源勘探以及基础地质研究提供依据.     

基于磁力资料的南海及邻区磁性基底和居里面深度特征研究

磁性基底和居里面是研究地壳和岩石圈的地质构造和热演化过程的两个重要磁性界面.为了研究南海及邻区磁性基底和居里面所反映的深部构造及其热活动的地质效应,本文在对磁异常进行化极处理的基础上,采用最小曲率位场分离方法,获得了磁性基底和居里面引起的化极磁异常,利用双界面模型快速反演方法,反演了南海及邻区的磁性基底和居里面深度,研究了磁性基底、居里面深度及其分布特征,讨论了磁性基底、居里面与新生界深度之间相关性特征及其地质意义.研究表明,磁性基底深度5~20 km,洋盆南北两侧磁性基底走向分别以NE、NEE向为主,中南半岛周缘磁性基底呈NW、NNW走向.居里面深度15~32 km,宏观表现为"洋壳浅、周缘深"及周缘"北浅南深"的特征,洋盆地区居里面深度呈现"西南浅、东部深",洋壳与陆壳接触带在居里面深度上表现为梯级带特征.新生界深度与磁性基底深度相关性（Correlation between the depth of magnetic basement and Cenozoic,CDMBC）多以不规则形状分布,在盆地的沉积中心呈现正相关;新生界深度与居里面深度相关性（Correlation between the depth of Curie surface and Cenozoic,CDCSC）多呈NE、NEE向带状正相关分布,走向与盆地走向一致;莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地、万安盆地南部和曾母盆地CDMBC呈正相关、CDCSC呈负相关,莺歌海相关性特征推测为：居里面随岩石圈变形隆起而抬升,磁性基底张裂下沉,发生大规模沉降引起;琼东南盆地相关性特征推测为：居里面随岩石圈变形下坳而下降,沉积中心与磁性基底下沉方向一致;万安盆地和曾母盆地相关性特征推测为：深部流体沿南海西缘断裂直接进入地壳,引起该处居里面深度变浅.     

输卵管病变的CT诊断价值

目的:分析输卵管病变的CT影像学特点,探讨CT诊断该病的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析58例经手术、病理证实的输卵管病变的CT表现,并与腹腔镜、常规手术及病理结果对照分析。结果:CT诊断为输卵管积水20例,输卵管积脓8例,输卵管卵巢脓肿1例,输卵管扭转1例,输卵管妊娠5例,输卵管系膜囊肿7例,输卵管结核5例,输卵管癌1例;其中误诊10例,与手术病理对照,CT诊断准确率为83%(48/58)。结论:输卵管病变的CT表现具有一定的特征性,CT平扫表现为附件区迂曲管状囊性密度影,根据CT增强特点,密切结合临床并重视该病的影像学表现综合分析,可以作出明确诊断。      

Refined chronology of prehistoric cultures and its implication for re-evaluating human-environment relations in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China

The reconstruction of high-resolution chronologies for prehistoric cultures is a prerequisite for understanding the history of human evolution and its relationship with environmental change, and is valuable for exploring the trajectory of transcontinental cultural exchanges in prehistoric time. The Hexi Corridor of northwest China was one of the earliest centers for long-distance culture exchange in the prehistoric world. The timing and sequence of cultural changes in this area remains poorly understood resulting from the lack of radiometric age control. This paper presents a refined radiocarbon(14 C) chronology to resolve the timing of human occupation and cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. Radiocarbon dating of crop remains, which have an annual life cycle, has the advantage of eliminating problems such as the carbon stored in ‘old wood'. As a result,~(14)C dates from crop remains are used to test the validity of the~(14)C dates derived from charcoal, bone and plant remains. The resultant database of ages is modelled using the Bayesian approach. The updated chronology presented in this paper shows generally good agreement with the original dates used to constrain cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. However, the occupation of the corridor by the Shajing and Shanma Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age cultures appears to have taken place ～300 years later than previously thought. On the basis of comparing this updated chronology of cultural evolution with palaeoclimatic and historical records, it is proposed that the collapse of the Shajing and Shanma cultures occurred as a result of geopolitical impact rather than climate change.     

黑龙江省公众防震减灾科普知识调查分析

目前,在地震预报不准确的情况下,全面加强防震减灾宣传教育工作,不断增强社会公众的危机意识和防震减灾能力,是减少灾害损失、保障群众生命财产安全和社会安全稳定的基础工作。近年来,黑龙江省地震局持续开展防震减灾宣传教育,取得了一定的成绩,但通过调研数据可以看出,宣教工作仍然存在着一些问题和不足。希望通过对黑龙江省防震减灾宣教工作的现状进行分析,提出相应对策,有的放矢的做好防震减灾宣传教育工作,引导社会公众共同参与防震减灾活动。     

气枪信号触发台站的自动快速识别

气枪震源是高度可重复的人工震源,在深部探测工作中应用广泛。以福建省地震局组织开展的水库气枪实验为研究对象,面向未来技术的发展,提出基于气枪激发波形的相关性计算,自动获取气枪信号触发台站情况,并绘制触发台站的分布图。对处理结果分析认为:该方法能快速准确识别触发台站,可迅速作出分布图,直观地反应气枪激发效果,较好地为实验现场实验条件的调整提供依据。     

Role of permafrost in resilience of social-ecological system and its spatio-temporal dynamics in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of permafrost that restricts the hydrothermal condition of alpine grassland ecosystem. In this paper, based on the structural dynamics, we developed the numerical model for the SER in the permafrost regions of the source of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and sensitivity of the SER, and estimated the effect of permafrost change on the SER. The results indicate that: 1) the SER has an increasing trend, especially after 1997, which is the joint effect of precipitation, temperature, NPP and ecological conservation projects; 2) the SER shows the spatial feature of high in southeast and low in northwest,which is consistent with the variation trends of high southeast and low northwest for the precipitation, temperature and NPP, and low southeast and high northwest for the altitude; 3) the high sensitive regions of SER to the permafrost change have gradually transited from the island distribution to zonal and planar distribution since 1980, moreover, the sensitive degree has gradually reduced; relatively, the sensitivity has high value in the north and south, and low value in the south and east; 4) the thickness of permafrost active layer shows a highly negative correlation with the SER. The contribution rate of permafrost change to the SER is-4.3%, that is, once the thickness of permafrost active layer increases 1 unit, the SER would decrease 0.04 units.     

空间直线拟合的PEIV模型的构建与解法

针对空间直线拟合不宜直接采用总体最小二乘算法和混合总体最小二乘算法的问题,提出一种基于PEIV模型的总体最小二乘法的空间直线拟合算法。首先将空间直线的标准方程进行变换,改写为总体最小二乘的EIV模型;然后针对系数矩阵的特点,将模型转换为更加合理的PEIV模型,线性化成类似于最小二乘间接平差形式,采用迭代的方法求解拟合参数。平差过程保证了系数矩阵重复元素的改正数一致,常数元素的改正数为零,符合实际理论;最后,通过算例比较验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

基于三维地理信息的土地储备信息管理系统建设与应用

城市土地储备是对土地资源集约优化管理的有效方式,传统基于二维平面图纸和面向抽象业务数据的土地管理信息系统已经不能满足对于土地储备信息精细化管理的要求。本文进行的土地储备信息管理系统的建设与应用,正是利用三维地理信息系统技术,在重庆市主城区基础地形数据的基础上,集成高精度的DOM、DEM、控规信息和土地储备信息,完成了土地资源综合信息数据库构建,最终通过服务应用的方式实现了对土地储备信息高效、准确、对象化管理,同时拓展其在城市规划、建设管理、招商引资方面的应用。     

广州应急避难场所资源空间格局评价和优化

利用GIS对广州市公园绿地、学校和体育场馆3种应急避难场所资源进行点状缓冲区分析,同时对主要交通干线做线性缓冲区分析,综合评价广州市应急避难场所空间格局。结果表明:公园绿地型应急避难场所资源最多,但由于重叠率过高导致难以覆盖全市;学校型应急避难场所3 000 m缓冲区面积占全市51%,是最重要固定型和紧急型避难场所;体育场馆型避难场所相对比较欠缺。广州市应急避难场所交通区位相对较好,70%应急避场所资源都分布在主要道路500 m缓冲区内,95%以上在1 500 m缓冲区范围内。最后从人口分布、可达性、土地利用和经济发展程度4个角度总结了广州市应急避难场所空间分布的形成机制,提出了改造完善区、补充提升区、配套建设区和集中配置区4种规划策略分区,完善广州市应急避难场所空间体系。