Recent glacial retreat in High Asia in China and its impact on water resource in Northwest China

There are about 46298 glaciers in the High Asiain China, the total glacial area is about 59406 km , andtotal glacial volume about 5590 km3. These glaciersmainly concentrate around the Himalayas Mountains,Nyainqentanglha Mountains, Kunlun Mountains,Karakoram Mountains and Tianshan Mountains. Theglaciers in the Tibetan Plateau are the major compo-nent of the glaciers in the High Asia in China. Theseglaciers extend north to the arid and desert regions,and become the main water resource in …     

1960-2009年横断山区潜在蒸发量时空变化(英文)

Based on the meteorological data of 20 stations in the Hengduan Mountains region during 1961-2009, the annual and seasonal variation of potential evapotranspiration was analyzed in combination with the Penman-Monteith model. With the method of Spline interpolation under ArcGIS, the spatial distribution of potential evapotranspiration was presented to research the regional difference, and the correlation analysis was used to discuss the dominant factor affecting the potential evapotranspiration. The results indicated that the an-nual potential evapotranspiration showed a decreasing tendency since the 1960s, especially from the 1980s to 1990s, while it showed an increasing tendency since 2000. Regional potential evapotranspiration showed a rate of -0.17 mm a?1. Potential evapotranspiration in north, middle and south of the Hengduan Mountains exhibited decreasing trends over the studied period, and its regional trend was on the decline from southwest to northeast.     

Study on mass balance and sensitivity to climate change in summer on the Qiyi Glacier, Qilian Mountains

Based on the glacier mass balance and meteorological data of air temperature and precipitation on the Qiyi Glacier from June 30 to September 5, 2010, we used a degree-day mass balance model to simulate the change of mass balance during this period. Our results indicate that the current value of the mass balance is ?856.2 mm w.e. Subjected to the strong influences of air temperature and precipitation, the mass balance process can be divided into three stages: accumulating exiguously → melting intensively → melting exiguously. The variation trends of the mass balance according to the degree-day mass balance model and the observed values are similar and wholly reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the glacier mass balance, which increases with the increase of altitude. Our experiment on climate sensitivity of the mass balance showed that mass balance was very sensitive to the change of temperature; air temperature is the key factor which influences mass balance; and a slight increase in precipitation will have a negligible effect on mass balance when the air temperature increases continuously.     

Consequences of change and variability in sea ice on marine ecosystem and biogeochemical processes during the 2007–2008 Canadian International Polar Year program

Change and variability in the timing and magnitude of sea ice geophysical and thermodynamic state have consequences on many aspects of the arctic marine system. The changes in both the geophysical and thermodynamic state, and in particular the timing of the development of these states, have consequences throughout the marine system. In this paper we review the ??consequences?? of change in sea ice state on primary productivity, marine mammal habitats, and sea ice as a medium for storage and transport of contaminants and carbon exchange across the ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interface based upon results from the International Polar Year. Pertinent results include: 1) conditions along ice edges can bring deep nutrient-rich ??pacific?? waters into nutrient-poor surface waters along the arctic coast, affecting local food webs; 2) both sea ice thermodynamic and dynamic processes ultimately affect ringed seal/polar bear habitats by controlling the timing, location and amount of surface deformation required for ringed seal and polar bear preferred habitat 3) the ice edges bordering open waters of flaw leads are areas of high biological production and are observed to be important beluga habitat. 4) exchange of climate-active gases, including CO₂, is extremely active in sea ice environments, and the overall question of whether the Arctic Ocean is (or will be) a source or sink for CO₂ will be dependent on the balance of competing climate-change feedbacks.     

奥运气象服务社会经济效益评估的AHP/BCG组合分析

综合应用层次分析法(AHP方法)和波士顿矩阵(BCG矩阵)相结合的思路,将气象服务用户群对服务效益评估这个复杂系统的思维过程数学化、系统化,建立了定量的气象服务期望度/满意度组合矩阵分析模型.以2007年"好运北京"青岛国际帆船赛调查问卷为例进行实证分析,从用户反馈信息来考核对用户需求的了解和满足、气象服务时间和时效、气象服务宣传服务手段、服务人员综合能力、预报准确度和用户未来意向等6个主要项目,应用该模型来较为客观地评估奥运气象信息服务当前的四象限结构现状,掌握和判断其所处位置,发现问题进行改进,并预测该项目的未来发展变化.     

利用激光降水粒子谱仪研究雨滴谱分布特性

利用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪2009年3—6月在南京观测获取雨滴谱资料,分类对各次降水过程雨滴谱进行Gamma分布拟合,对比分析了南京地区不同云系降水的雨滴谱分布特征以及Gamm a分布参数相关特性,并且讨论了"标准化"Gamma分布参数随雨强及雷达反射率因子的变化关系。结果表明:用Gamma分布拟合本次试验不同云系降水的雨滴谱分布精度都比较高;"标准化"的Gamma分布参数较Gamma分布参数更具有物理意义,且其参数μ和Dm与雷达反射率因子Z均具有较佳的对应关系,μ随Z的增大依次递减,Dm则随Z的增大呈指数型递增。     

基于CLM3模拟的中国区域陆地水资源分析

针对2007年7月30日发生在山西省南部的区域暴雨局部特大暴雨天气过程,利用多种资料,计算了多种物理量,分析了其演变特征,指出a)前期500 hPa阻塞高压和切断低压的形成和长期维持以及副热带高压的稳定加强、维持,是造成山西大范嗣降水和区域暴雨天气的特殊环流背景.b)特殊背景下形成的MCS是造成此次南部区域暴雨的直接影响系统,强烈而持续的水汽夹卷作用、对流层高层强抽吸作用使得MCS维持和加强.c)地形性辐合的存在使得垂直上升运动加强,而高位势不稳定能量的释放与低层迎风坡面上低云的相互作用,使得MCS不断发展,使雨强出现了3次强烈增幅.     

2007年云南7次强降水过程的分析研究

应用实测气象资料,结合卫星云图与多普勒雷达图像分析,对2007年7月19日到8月2日云南少有的7次强降水过程进行综合分析,结果表明:高低空的西南急流是重要的影响系统,西南急流的维持为持续性强降水过程提供了水汽、动量和不稳定能量的快速传递,高原切变线与西南急流的有利配置,是7次持续性强降水过程必不可少的条件;持续性强降水出现在500hPa水汽通量大值区和水汽通量散度辐合区;卫星云图上切变云带和副高外围云带在云南汇合,切变云带和副高外围云带维持、加强的过程与强降水落区的时空分布对应较好.多普勒速度图上零速度线长时间维持"S"型,风随高度顺时针旋转,说明高层有持续的暖平流.高低层不同性质的气流配合,有利于强降水产生.     

西秦岭马脑壳金矿床构造变形特征 与成矿关系研究

马脑壳金矿床构造变形复杂且研究薄弱,作者通过野外地质填图并结合矿山生产勘探,以构造解析为研究方法,对马脑壳金矿床的变形特征与金成矿关系进行了研究。构造解析表明区内地层在成岩期遭受了同生变形,成岩后先后遭受了NE-SW向的挤压褶皱逆冲变形（[T₃³]）、左行走滑变形并伴随伸展塌陷变形（J_1-2）,宏观上表现为推覆—走滑控矿,即印支末期推覆作用形成的变形样式整体控制着金矿体的产出和分布,后期走滑作用叠加改造导致的张性破裂样式控制着金矿化强度,成矿作用主要发生在左行走滑变形阶段（J_1-2）,成矿机制是燕山早中期（J_1-2）西秦岭地区由强烈的挤压动力体制向弥散间隔密集的走滑动力体制转换,导致含矿热液沿构造薄弱带（如区内F2断裂）上升迁移并在构造动力体制转换强烈的区域发生大规模金沉淀。西秦岭地区和松潘—甘孜地区的微细浸染型金矿极有可能形成于燕山早期（J_1-2）由挤压向走滑构造动力体制转过程中。     

基于WebGIS的水务普查成果共享服务平台设计与实现

北京市于2010—2012年开展了第一次面向境内的水务对象普查工作,普查对象涉及河流湖泊、水利工程、供排水等共11个专项,成果涵盖了十几万个水务对象。此次普查基本摸清了北京市水务家底,为助推首都经济发展打下了坚实的基础。但由于长期以来受传统观念、行政体制、管理模式、技术手段等多方面因素的制约,导致"信息孤岛"现象严重,信息不一致难以整合共享,业务之间难以协同。为了解决这些问题,北京市开展了"基础水信息服务平台"及相关配套设施的建设。该平台基于Web GIS和元数据等技术,通过梳理普查基础数据和空间数据,结合已有数据及基础测绘数据,建成水务综合库,绘制完成水务一张图,搭建北京市基础水信息服务平台。平台的建成,实现了"一张图、一个库、一套表、一个平台"的"四个一"普查成果目标,初步形成"水务百度"雏形。