Vertical variations and transport mechanism of soil moisture in response to vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China

Soil moisture is essential for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions. Ascertaining the vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture under different vegetation types has a profound effect on the ecological construction. In this study, the soil moisture at a depth of 500 cm for four typical vegetation types, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Caragana korshinskii, Stipa bungeana, and corn, were investigated and compared in the Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess plateau. Additionally, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes were detected to identify the transport mechanism of soil moisture. The results showed vertical distribution and transportation of soil moisture were different under different vegetation types. Depth-averaged soil moisture under S. bungeana and corn generally increased along the profile, while C. korshinskii and R. pseudoacacia showed weakly increasing and relatively stable after an obvious decreasing trend (0–40 cm). The soil moisture under R. pseudoacacia was lower than that under other vegetation types, especially in deep layer. However, the effect of R. pseudoacacia on soil moisture in the topsoil (< 30 cm) could be positive. For R. pseudoacacia (160–500 cm), C. korshinskii (0–500 cm), and S. bungeana (0–100 cm), the soil moisture declined with increased in vegetation age. Planting arbor species such as R. pseudoacacia intensified the decline of soil moisture on the Loess Plateau. The capacity of evaporation fractionation of soil moisture followed the sequence: corn > S. bungeana > R. pseudoacacia > C. korshinskii. The δ¹⁸O values in soil water fluctuated across the profile. The δ¹⁸O values changed sharply in upper layer and generally remained stable in deep layer. However, in middle layer, the vertical distribution characteristics of the δ¹⁸O values were different under different vegetation types. We estimated that piston flow was the main mode of precipitation infiltration, and the occurrence of preferential flow was related to vegetation types. These results were helpful to improve the understanding of the response of deep soil moisture to vegetation restoration and inform practices for sustainable water management.     

内蒙古翁公敖包航磁异常的推断与解释

文章对内蒙古四子王旗—土默特右旗中北部近年发现的翁公敖包航磁异常进行推断与解释,在对找矿有望的航磁异常进行筛选后,对翁公敖包航磁异常进行了野外地质-地球物理查证,确定异常为铁矿所致;采用向上延拓、垂向导数、斜导数及小波变换等方法对航磁异常进行数据转换处理,以获取铁矿体的横向及纵向分布信息,取得了较好的效果。     

钻孔瞬变电磁方法探测越界开采采空区的应用

煤矿井下越界开采扰乱煤炭资源开发秩序,同时存在巨大的安全隐患,准确探测越界开采采空区及其边界对安全采掘极为重要。常规的矿井瞬变电磁探测方法容易受到巷道中的金属和电磁信号干扰,探测精度有限,难以满足采空区边界精准解释的需求。为了解决这一问题,提出一种钻孔中收发信号的钻孔瞬变电磁方法和施工工艺,利用其远离巷道和靠近异常体的特点,提高异常信号在实测数据中的占比;并研究可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法,进一步减小体积效应影响,实现了对越界开采采空区的电阻率精细成像。结合山西某煤矿的工程实践,对该方法精准探测邻矿越界开采采空区规模、性质的实用性和有效性进行了检验。结果表明,钻孔瞬变电磁方法是矿井地球物理技术与钻探工艺技术的高效结合和有益补充,基于可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法能够有效应用于越界开采采空区的边界精确成像解释。      

水下无线光通信中关键技术的研究与进展

由于水下无线光通信（Underwater Wireless Optical Communication,UWOC）具有高速率、低延迟和高保密性等优势,成为了水下无线通信的潜在应用。针对UWOC系统的模型及研究现状进行了简要的总结,重点阐述了UWOC系统所用到的关键技术,包括光源的选择、调制编码、探测、信道建模等关键技术,并介绍了一种UWOC系统的设计方案。最后针对实现水下长距离通信和高速率传输等问题,总结了UWOC未来的发展趋势及所面临的挑战,为UWOC将来的发展方向及实用化提供了参考。     

Controlling factors on the charging process of oil and gas in the eastern main sub-sag of the Baiyun Sag,Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin

The eastern main sub-sag (E-MSS) of the Baiyun Sag was the main zone for gas exploration in the deep-water area of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin at its early exploration stage, but the main goal of searching gas in this area was broken through by the successful exploration of the W3-2 and H34B volatile oil reservoirs, which provides a new insight for exploration of the Paleogene oil reservoirs in the E-MSS. Nevertheless, it is not clear on the distribution of “gas accumulated in the upper layer, oil accumulated in the lower layer” (Gas_upper-Oil_lower) under the high heat flow, different source-rock beds, multi-stages of oil and gas charge, and multi-fluid phases, and not yet a definite understanding of the genetic relationship and formation mechanism among volatile oil, light oil and condensate gas reservoirs, and the migration and sequential charge model of oil and gas. These puzzles directly lead to the lack of a clear direction for oil exploration and drilling zone in this area. In this work, the PVT fluid phase, the origin of crude oil and condensate, the secondary alteration of oil and gas reservoirs, the evolution sequence of oil and gas formation, the phase state of oil and gas migration, and the configuration of fault activity were analyzed, which established the migration and accumulation model of Gas_upper-Oil_lower co-controlled by source and heat, and fractionation controlled by facies in the E-MSS. Meanwhile, the fractionation evolution model among common black reservoirs, volatile reservoirs, condensate reservoirs and gas reservoirs is discussed, which proposed that the distribution pattern of Gas_upper-Oil_lower in the E-MSS is controlled by the generation attribute of oil and gas from source rocks, the difference of thermal evolution, and the fractionation controlled by phases after mixing the oil and gas. Overall, we suggest that residual oil reservoirs should be found in the lower strata of the discovered gas reservoirs in the oil-source fault and diapir-developed areas, while volatile oil reservoirs should be found in the deeper strata near the sag with no oil-source fault area.     

深海潜水器谱系化框架探索研究

深海潜水器是我国走向深远海的重要装备,国家在“十三五”规划纲要中提出了蛟龙探海工程,这是国家对海洋事业的整体布局和规划。通过几十年的技术取得跨越性发展,研制出了“蛟龙” “潜龙”系列、“海龙” “海马” “海斗” “海燕”等不同类型和深度的深海系列装备,并逐渐向谱系化发展。未来将根据海洋科学研究、海洋资源开发利用、海洋权益维护的需求,研发出更多符合实际要求的深海装备。文章借鉴其他高科技领域,开展潜水器谱系化探索研究,构建谱系化框架。     

一种使用(ε,δ)连接区域分割图象的新算法

图象中目标具有相似灰度特征,在分割中,我们应考虑区域的整体灰度以及相邻象素灰度的变化,它们依靠于范围参数ε和毗邻参数δ。本文介绍了灰度图象的（ε,δ）连续区域及其模糊边缘测度,提出了通过相对模糊边缘度调整（ε,δ）参数,利用（ε,δ）目标连接集分割图象的一种新算法。实验结果表明该算法分割效果较好,提取边缘精度较高。     

长江口外海域1998年夏季悬沙浓度特征

１９９８年６－８月长江流域经历了一次特大洪水,在洪水期间,以１０ｍｇＬ＾－１的悬沙浓度为标志,长江悬沙的影响范围可达１２３°Ｅ,在１２２°１５Ｅ附近,悬沙浓度显示出成层现象,底层浓度约为表层浓度的３倍,这一现象主要与物质沉积过程有关。在１２６°Ｅ－１２７°Ｗ之间悬沙浓度最低,代表黑潮水的特征。在调查期间,长江悬沙擅长 用的范围比冬季枯水季节有相当程度的扩大,但向ＮＥ方向扩散的趋势并不是明显。在陆架     

InSAR技术支持下的高速铁路沿线沉降监测与预测

针对盘营铁路专线、哈大铁路专线沿线沉降监测研究较少,采用InSAR技术获取了研究区地表形变信息,还对其进行了相关分析.用SBAS-InSAR对35景Sentinel-1A SAR数据进行处理,获取VV、VH极化下的年均沉降速率及沉降序列;以年均沉降速率为研究对象,进行沿线沉降特征分析及交叉验证;利用小波变换对沉降序列降噪处理,用改进BP神经网络对降噪后沉降序列预测分析.研究结果表明,研究区内高速铁路沿线共监测出6个明显沉降区域,最大沉降速率达50mm/a;两种极化年均沉降速率具有较高的一致性,降噪处理后的沉降序列更加平滑;改进BP神经网络具有较高的收敛速度,其预测精度有较大提高.     

桐柏山L构造岩的构造特征与形成环境探讨

桐柏山太白顶、殷店和天河口一带,发育有大量的L构造岩,拉伸线理极其发育,面理较弱,线理产状向南东东倾伏,倾伏角为1°～20°。桐柏山L构造岩具有以下主要特征：在三维空间上,L构造岩强烈发育杆状构造,这种“杆”状构造是由大量沿X轴方向定向排列连在一起的椭球体矿物构成的,其变形机制主要为石英的颗粒边界迁移和长石的位错蠕变,形成的平均压力为0.59GPa,平均温度为550 ℃～600 ℃,形成于中-高温-中压环境,变质相为高绿片岩相到低角闪岩相,形成深度大致在15～20 km,属于中地壳的产物。L构造岩在桐柏山的发现可能反映了桐柏山造山带中桐柏杂岩岩块相对两侧榴辉岩岩片具有近东西向挤出构造的特征。