全文获取类型
收费全文 | 297篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 13篇 |
大气科学 | 18篇 |
地球物理 | 92篇 |
地质学 | 126篇 |
海洋学 | 35篇 |
天文学 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
自然地理 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有319条查询结果,搜索用时 718 毫秒
191.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) automated GPS data analysis service, which is available via the Internet, has been
tested. This service is attractive not only because data submission and retrieval are entirely automated on the Internet,
but also because it makes centimeter positioning possible for individual dual-frequency receivers. To learn more about this
service, the repeatability of position solutions were investigated by means of two simple experiments. The positions of a
continuously operating reference station have been computed repeatedly for observation times ranging from 1 hour to 24 hours.
In addition, short baseline repeatability and accuracy were tested. Centimeter-level results were obtained. The difference
in the vertical definition of the electronic center for antennas of different types could readily be identified. The JPL service
is easy to use, even in its present form (which one might label version 1.0). ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
192.
Organic matter quality, expressed as the proportion of chlorophyll a (Chl a) to degraded organic material (i.e. phaeopigments), is known to influence the structure of benthic associations and plays an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem. This study investigates the vertical distribution of microbial biomass, meiofauna and macrofauna with respect to organic matter variation in Ubatuba, Brazil, a southeastern, subtropical coastal area. On three occasions, samples were collected in exposed and sheltered stations, at high and low hydrodynamic conditions. We hypothesize that benthic assemblages will have high meio‐ and macrofaunal densities and high microbial biomass at the sediment surface at the sheltered site, and lower and vertically homogeneous microbial biomass and densities of meio‐ and macrofauna are expected at the exposed site. The accumulation of fresh organic matter at the sediment surface was observed at both stations over the three sampling dates, which contributed to the higher densities of meiofauna in the first layers of the sediment column. Macrofauna followed the same trend only at the exposed station, but changes in the number of species, biodiversity and feeding groups were registered for both stations. Microbial biomass increased at the sheltered station over the three sampling dates, whereas at the exposed station, microbial biomass was nearly constant. Physical exposure did not influence organic matter loading at the sites and therefore did not affect overall structure of benthic assemblages, which negates our original hypothesis. Most of the benthic system components reacted to organic matter quality and quantity, but relationships between different‐sized organisms (i.e. competition and/or predation) may explain the unchanged microbial profiles at the exposed site and homogeneous vertical distribution of macrofauna at the sheltered site. In conclusion, the high quality of organic matter was a crucial factor in sustaining and regulating the benthic system, but coupled results showed that interactions between micro‐, meio‐ and macrofauna can be highly complex. 相似文献
193.
Johannes Boehm Robert Heinkelmann Paulo Jorge Mendes Cerveira Andrea Pany Harald Schuh 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(11):1107-1113
This paper investigates whether in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) analysis atmospheric loading corrections should
be applied a priori at the observation level or whether it is sufficient to correct for atmospheric loading effects a posteriori
by adding constant values per session to the estimated station coordinates. Simulated observations at single stations corresponding
to the precise point positioning approach of global navigation satellite systems show that the atmospheric loading effect
can be fully recovered by a posteriori corrections, i.e., the height differences between both approaches stay well below 1 mm.
However, real global VLBI network solutions with sessions from 1984 to 2008 reveal that the effect of neglected atmospheric
loading corrections at the stations is distributed to the other stations in the network, thus resulting in station height
differences between solutions with observation level and with a posteriori corrections which can be as large as 10 mm and
a ‘damping’ effect of the corrections. As soon as the terrestrial reference frame and the corresponding coordinate time series
are determined, it would be conceptually wrong to apply atmospheric loading corrections at the VLBI stations. We recommend
the rigorous application of atmospheric loading corrections at the observation level to all stations of a VLBI network because
the seven parameters for translation, rotation, and in particular the network-scale of VLBI networks are significantly affected. 相似文献
194.
Carvalho PS Kalil Dda C Novelli GA Bainy AC Fraga AP 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):205-207
Naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) effects on Salminus brasiliensis, a carnivorous freshwater fish, were investigated using behavioral tests. Larval stages of S. brasiliensis were exposed to water concentrations of 0, 0.04 mg/l, 0.20mg/l and 0.50mg/l for naphthalene and 0, 0.01 mg/l, 0.05 mg/l and 0.1mg/l for phenanthrene during two developmental phases. The prey fish Prochilodus lineatus were not exposed. Visual acuity was measured at the end of phase 2 in individual S. brasiliensis, which were also tested at the end of each phase for number of attacks on prey, number of prey captured, prey capture efficiency, and distance swam. Vision was impaired by PHE exposure, as acuity angles increased in exposed fish. At Stage I 2.3+/-1.2 prey were captured with 46% efficiency in controls compared to 0.4+/-0.3 prey captured with 13.4% efficiency in fish exposed to 0.05 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL for both endpoints. At Stage II 4.0+/-1.1 preys were captured in controls compared to 2.5+/-0.9 preys captured in fish exposed to 0.01 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL. Stage II control fish captured prey with 70% efficiency compared to 30% efficiency at Stage II fish exposed to 0.05 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL. Distance swam was not affected by either NAP or PHE exposure. The exposure of larval stages of S. brasiliensis to realistic water concentrations of PHE impairs foraging skills and could affect recruitment of the species. 相似文献
195.
Present study has continued the investigation on distribution of mercury in estuarine sediments of Patos Lagoon which began whilst assessing the after-effect of enormous accidental discharge of sulfuric acid into the estuary. An attempt to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic effluents on mercury pollution in sediments was undertaken. The effluents from Rio Grande City sewages were categorized into four groups based on their sources. Comparison of mercury concentrations from those, indicated that domestic effluent was prevalent. Apparent geographic controls of effluent locations enriched in mercury on zones of polluted estuarine sediments were also revealed. Insufficient control on waste collecting and absence of sewage treatment are considered the principal causes of mercury pollution in estuarine sediments. 相似文献
196.
Jian-Wei Li Xin-Fu Zhao Mei-Fu Zhou Chang-Qian Ma Zorano Sérgio de Souza Paulo Vasconcelos 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(3):383-409
Late Mesozoic dioritic and quartz dioritic plutons are widespread in the Daye region, eastern Yangtze craton, eastern China.
Detailed geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic studies have been undertaken for most of these plutons, in an attempt
to provide a comprehensive understanding in the age, genesis and geodynamical control of the extensive magmatism. SHRIMP and
LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating indicate that the plutons were emplaced in the range of latest Jurassic (ca. 152 Ma) to early
Cretaceous (ca. 132 Ma), which was followed by dyke emplacement between 127 and 121 Ma and volcanism during the 130–113 Ma
interval. Both diorites and quartz diorites are sodic, metaluminous, high-K calc-alkaline, and characterized by strongly fractionated,
sub-parallel REE patterns without obvious Eu anomalies. The rocks are enriched in highly incompatible elements and large ion
lithophile elements, but depleted in high field strength elements. Samples of diorite and quartz diorite have similar Sr–Nd
isotopic compositions that are consistent with the early Cretaceous basalts and mafic intrusions throughout the eastern Yangtze
craton. The geochemical and isotopic data, together with results of geochemical modeling, indicate an enriched mantle source
for the plutonic rocks. The quartz diorites have geochemical signatures resembling adakites, such as high Al2O3 (15–19 wt.%), Sr (630–2,080 ppm), Na2O (>3.5 wt.%), negative Nb–Ta anomalies, low Y (7–19 ppm), Yb (0.5–1.8 ppm), Sc (5–15 ppm), and resultant high Sr/Y (45–200)
and La/Yb (31–63) ratios. Genesis of the adakitic quartz diorites is best explained in terms of low-pressure intracrustal
fractional crystallization of cumulates consisting of hornblende, plagioclase, K-feldspar, magnetite, and apatite from mantle-derived
dioritic magmas. Mantle-derived magmatism broadly coeval with that of the Daye region also is widespread in other regions
of the eastern Yangtze craton, reflecting large-scale melting of the lithospheric mantle during the Late Mesozoic. The large-scale
magmatism was most likely driven by lithospheric extension associated with thinning of lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern
China continent. 相似文献
197.
Maria Inês C. Monteiro Marcos Paulo A. Lavatori Nilza Maria M. de Oliveira 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(3):245-249
A method involving gold extraction into isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK), after partial dissolution with aqua regia , with determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The pyrolysis and atomisation temperatures were optimized using a pyrolytic graphite forked platform. The stability study of gold in isobutyl methyl ketone extract indicated that closed polypropylene containers (3% absorbance measurement changes) were better than both open polypropylene and closed glass containers over periods of up to 22 hr. Satisfactory recoveries of 99 and 102% were obtained when Au, in the IBMK extracts from CH-3 and MA-2 reference materials, were determined after storage of the extracts in closed polypropylene containers for 22 hr, respectively. 相似文献
198.
On retrieving patterns in environmental sensor data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As many sensor networks are currently being deployed for environmental monitoring, there is a growing need to develop systems
and applications for managing, processing and retrieving massive amounts of data generated from those networks. In this research,
a query answering system with pattern mining techniques is investigated specifically for marine sensor data. We consider three
applications of pattern mining: similar pattern search, predictive query and query by clustering. In pattern mining for query
answering, we adopt the dynamic time warping (DTW) method for similarity measurement. We also propose the use of a query relaxation
approach that recommends users change parameters of a given query to get an answer. Finally, we show implementation results
of pattern query answering in a marine sensor network deployed in the South East of Tasmania, Australia. Pattern query answering
system benefits in accessing and discovering knowledge from sensor data for decision making purposes. 相似文献
199.
The purpose of this work is to characterize the hydrochemical behavior of acid mine drainages (AMD) and superficial waters
from the Adoria mine area (Northern Portugal). Samples of superficial and mine drainage water were collected for one year,
bi-monthly, with pH, temperature, Eh, conductivity and HCO3 determined in situ with chemical analyses of SO4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cl, Ag, As, Bi, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd. In the mine, there are acidic waters, with low pH and
significant concentrations of SO4, and metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni), while in the superficial natural stream waters outside the mine, the pH is close
to neutral, with low conductivity and lower metal concentrations. The stream waters inside the mine influence are intermediate
in composition between AMD and natural stream waters outside the mine influence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows
a clear separation between AMD galleries and AMD tailings, with tailings having a greater level of contamination. 相似文献
200.
Paulo Valladares Soares Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira Silvio Jorge C. Simoes George de Paula Bernardes Sérgio Augusto Barbosa Isabel Cristina B. Trannin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(6):1685-1694
This work describes the methodological approach used for mapping the potential infiltration areas of the Guaratinguetá watershed (160?km2), situated in Southeastern Brazil. The method is considered a qualitative approach, which takes into account thematic maps (geology, pedology, geomorphology, and land use/land cover) and the precipitation spatial distribution. A group of experts in Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering has applied an infiltration potential scale factor that ranges from 5 (highest influence) to 1 (lowest influence). The final infiltration map was produced using several ArcGIS? tools. The results showed that the most suitable (very high) infiltration areas represent only around 7% of the watershed area, which are associated with smooth and gentle hills, fluvial Tertiary sediments and yellow oxisols. However, growing impacts caused by land farming and urban developments require urgent planning for this region. Areas with high to moderate capacity of infiltration represent around 56% of the watershed and are found in the domain of igneous-metamorphic rocks associated with steep hill-slopes and relatively well-preserved forest fragments. This region requires a land-use strategy, such as reforestation programs, in order to increase the infiltration capacity of the watershed. 相似文献