大地电磁测深反演技术有效性对比试验

设计了一个简单的三维模型:三维低阻异常体和高阻异常体位于一维层状介质模型中,以"十"字型和"米"字型观测剖面方式作为模拟方式,开展模型一维、二维、三维反演技术有效性对比试验,其中一维反演计算采用自适应正则化(ARIA)反演,二维反演计算采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演,三维反演计算采用REBOCC三维反演,将剖面下方不同的反演结果与原始模型进行对比分析,发现:在该模型条件下,一维和二维反演都能得到反映模型真实信息的结果,REBOCC三维反演更偏向重建原始模型的宏观电性特征;在一维反演结果中,对于深部的电性结构特征,通常TE极化模式的反演结果好于TM极化模式,TE/TM几何平均值反演结果介于前两者之间;在二维反演结果中,通常TM极化模式的反演结果好于TE极化模式,TE/TM联合模式反演结果与TM极化模型相当,甚至更好;模型REBOCC三维反演相比一维、二维反演更易受反演结果多解性影响,REBOCC三维反演结果偏向重建原始模型的宏观电性特征。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段阿翁错地区中酸性侵入岩的成因及其对区域构造演化的指示

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段出露大量中酸性侵入岩,为特提斯洋俯冲、拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞造山过程中岩浆响应的重要组成部分。本文对该缝合带西段阿翁错地区的闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩成岩年龄分别为119.3±1.8 Ma、114.7±1.4 Ma和103.2±1.3 Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示中酸性侵入岩属高钾钙碱性系列,具准铝质-弱过铝质I型花岗岩特征;其LREE分馏程度较高,而HREE近于平坦,存在Eu负异常;富集Rb、La等大离子亲石元素和Th、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征。研究结果表明在早白垩世晚期(103.0±1.3 Ma)班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳仍在向北俯冲于南羌塘地块之下,随着俯冲深度增加,大洋板片发生大规模脱水,释放的流体交代地幔楔并引发其部分熔融,产生的幔源岩浆向上运移,与下地壳物质不同比例混合形成了闪长岩和花岗闪长岩;而花岗岩主要由古老下地壳物质部分熔融形成,并有少量地幔物质的参与。     

武陵山区渝东南城镇滑坡灾害风险评价研究——以石柱县下路镇为例

武陵山渝东南地区地质条件复杂、降雨丰沛,加之城镇化开发,该地区的山区城镇面临着滑坡风险,迫切需要开展城镇尺度的地质灾害风险评价,从而更好地进行风险管控。本文以重庆市石柱县下路镇为研究区域,结合区内地质灾害特点,利用无限斜坡模型进行了不同重现期（10、20、50 和100 年）滑坡灾害的危险性计算;重点关注潜在的建筑物损失和室内人员的生命财产损失,采用经验模型,完成了区内不同情景下建筑物和人口易损性分布图;运用灾害风险量化评估模型,定量分析了区内滑坡灾害的经济风险和人口风险。结果显示,从重现期10 年至100 年演变中,建筑物风险将增加3 倍,而人口风险将增加约11 倍,空间分布从集镇建设区附近的山体进一步扩大至天泉村、白鹤村等地。本文探索的滑坡风险评估方法可为地方决策部门开展详细尺度的国土空间规划（短期、中期和长期）研究提供参考。     

相邻雷达回波差异检测方法研究与应用

文章介绍相邻雷达在重叠区回波差异的检测方法,造成邻近两部雷达在重叠区回波差异的原因分为外界因素和内在因素。排除遮挡、地物/超折射杂波及大气衰减等外界因素,根据雨滴直径与下落末速度的关系,对相邻两部雷达基数据进行时间、空间一致性匹配,比较邻近两部雷达在重叠区域中相同时间、相同采样空间上的回波观测值,若仍然存在明显差异,则是由雷达自身一些因素造成的。文章采用了郑州雷达一次频率源故障过程和广东一次飑线过程中的数据作为个例,分析表明该方法能有效检测出相邻两部雷达在重叠区的观测值差异,在全国新一代天气雷达网实时运行监控业务中具有较高的应用价值,当检测出某一部雷达与邻近几部雷达存在明显的观测差异时,可通过报警方式将信息传送至雷达机务人员,以便及时查找和解决雷达的故障问题。     

Impact of polymer mixtures on the stabilization and erosion control of silty sand slope

Silty sand can be prone to erosion because it is short of stability cementation materials. In recent years, various emerging soil stabilizers, especially natural organic substance and polymer, have been used to improve soil strength, water stability and ability of erosion resistance. In this study, a new type of soil stabilization additive modified carboxymethyl cellulose(M-CMC), consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) and polyacrylamide(PAM), was developed for stabilization treatment of silty sand. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of M-CMC application on shear strength, permeability, water susceptibility and microstructure of the silty sand soil treated with additive concentration range of 0%-1.3%. Moreover, rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of M-CMC on the erosion control of silty sand which compacted soil in a large-sized runoff(1 m~2) plots. Test plot which treated with 1.1% concentration of soil stabilizer and control plot which treated with same amount of water were cured outdoor for 50 days before rainfall simulation test. Rainfall intensity was applied at 120 mm·h-1 for 60 min. Finally, a field test is performed in order to assess the practical application effect of silty sand with 1.1% M-CMC. In general, the results showed that an increase of the concentration of M-CMC resulted in an improvement in water susceptibility and shear strength but a decrease in the infiltration rate. Internal friction angle of the treated soil remarkably increased under a low M-CMC concentration(less than 0.7%), while cohesion of them sharply increased under a relatively high M-CMC concentration(larger than 0.7%). Water susceptibility of the treated samples was improved remarkably under a relatively high M-CMC concentration(larger than 0.7%). Permeability coefficient of them decreased significantly when the M-CMC concentration was increased from 0 to 0.5% and, then, from 0.9% to 1.3%. Based on the images obtained from a scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the "coating" and "netting" effects were attributable to the observed improvement of the treated soil. When a plot was protected by a thin layer of soil treated with 1.1% MCMC, its erosion resistance was greatly improved, infiltration rate of water and soil loss yield of plot decreased greatly and even though under a rainfall intensity of 120 mm·h-1. The field test with long-term monitoring(three years) confirmed the M-CMC can effectively control erosion of silty sand slopes for a prolonged period of time.     

天津市潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的污染历史及来源判别

利用因子分析和元素含量特征分析两种方法,对天津市潮间带的4个无扰动沉积物柱样的46个样品进行了重金属分析,并探讨了重金属的来源方式和富集原因.研究结果表明,天津市潮间带的重金属可分为3类:1)Fe、Cr、Al及Mn元素主要受环境背景值的影响,2)Hg和Cd受人为活动的影响较大,3)AS、Zn、Pb、Cu及Ni受环境背景值及人类活动的双重影响,且影响大小随所在位置的不同而变化.结合210Pb和137Cs测年结果,定量确定了天津市潮间带小于0.063 mm粒级沉积物中N1等11种重金属元素的环境背景值,并以此为基础,进一步探讨了重金属富集年代、富集量及污染历史和人类活动的关系,发现多数重金属的污染始于1910年代,并在1954年之后富集量增加.     

Research and Test of Real-time Search Algorithm of Fast Radio Bursts Based on GPU Acceleration

In order to satisfy the research need of Nanshan 25 m radio telescope of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO) and study the key technology of the planned QiTai radio Telescope (QTT), on the basis of the original CPU (Central Processing Unit)-based real-time search algorithm of FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts), we have studied the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)-based real-time search algorithm of FRBs, and built the corresponding real-time search system of FRBs. We have made the comparison and analysis on the GPU system and CPU system, the test result shows that under a given searching accuracy, the speed of the GPU-accelerated algorithm is improved by 35–45 times compared with that of the CPU algorithm.     

On the relationship between 100-hPa South Asia High and Mei-yu in Jiangsu province

By analyzing the change of an index for the characteristics of South Asia High and variations of upper-air troughs in 2002–2005,we studied the impact of South Asia high on the beginning and ending of the Mei-yu(i.e.sustained rain corresponding to the ripening season of plum)in Jiangsu province.Statistic verification is conducted on the relationships between the index and the Mei-yu season in 1991–2005 to examine the impacts of the SAH characteristics index on a rain intensity index of Mei-yu and regional distribution of a characteristics index for different annual patterns of Mei-yu.Historical composite is performed of the 100-hPa circulation field for these patterns using the 100-hPa geopotential height of Northern Hemisphere from 2002 to 2005 and 45-year NCEP reanalysis to study the difference in the circulation for different patterns of Mei-yu.Diagnostic and statistic conclusions,which share much in common,have been obtained as follows.(1)The characteristics preceding to and the advancement/retreat of SAH and the movement of westerly troughs are the factors that influence the onset time of the Mei-yu season;after the Mei-yu onset,the progression/withdrawal of SAH and how farther east it extends are determining how long the Mei-yu lasts and when it ends.(2)During the Mei-yu,the general 100-hPa circulation situation and average characteristics of the SAH are well corresponding to the characteristics of the season and annual patterns of Mei-yu.In addition,the averages of the SAH ridgeline and east-extending index for June,July and the Mei-yu season have some implications to the forecast of the index of Mei-yu intensity.These conclusions can be served as powerful means in determining the starting/ending dates, duration and annual pattern of the Mei-yu season.     

布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体进行了锆石U Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其形成时代和岩石成因进行约束。结果表明,哥日卓托闪长岩锆石Th/U比值（0.63~1.28）较高,阴极发光图像显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点;LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄为225.8±1.5Ma（MSWD=0.53）,表明其形成时代为晚三叠世早期。岩体的SiO2含量在53.07％~58.74％之间,Al2O3（14.66％~16.17％）含量相对较高,全碱含量较低（4.76％~6.04％）,高钾（1.60％~2.90％）,里特曼指数σ在1.69~2.66之间,属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土元素总量（∑REE）为158.36×10-6~211.50×10-6,δEu为0.85~0.97,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常。高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P等）和大离子亲石元素（Ba、Sr、Ti等）具有明显的负异常,而Rb、U、La、Hf、Nd等元素具有明显的正异常。哥日卓托闪长岩形成于高温环境（800℃±）,具有后碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是东昆仑地块与巴颜喀拉地块碰撞后地壳部分熔融的产物。     

Geochemistry of Ore-bearing Lamprophyre from the Cu-Ni Deposit in Dhi Samir, Yemen

Magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits are generally associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks and it has not been reported that lamprophyre is one of the surrounding rocks of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. The Dhi Samir deposit in Yemen, however, is a rare example of Cu-Ni deposits which are hosted in lamprophyre dikes. In this paper, comprehensive research is made on petrology, petrochemistry and isotope geochemistry for Cu-Ni-bearing rocks in the Dhi Samir area and the results show that dark rocks related to Cu-Ni orebodies are sodium-weak potassium and belong to calc-alkaline series lamprophyre, especially camptonite, characterized by enriched alkali, iron and titanium. In these rocks large-ion-lithophile elements are obviously concentrated, while high field strength elements slightly depleted, showing clear negative anomalies of Ta and Nb, and weak deficiency of Ti. The SREE is very high (225.67-290.05 ppm) and the REE partition curves are flat and right-inclined, featuring a LREE-enriched pattern with low negative Eu anomalies. Study of magmatic source areas indicates that the rocks have low (87Sr/86Sr) and high εNd(t), and the magmas were probably derived from the enriched mantle I (EM-I) end-member. Based on the LA-ICPMS on zircon U-Pb isotope dating, the lamprophyre in the Dhi Samir mining area has an age of 602±2.6 Ma, indicating that the rock was formed in the late Proterozoic and in an intraplate setting due to magmatism of an extensional environment in the post-Pan-Africa orogeny.