Problems of ecological and technical safety by exploration and production of natural gas hydrates

Gas hydrates-the firm crystal connections formed water （water, ice, water vapor） and low-molecu- lar waterproof natural gases （mainly methane） whose crystal structure effectively compresses gas： each cubic meter of hydrate can yield over 160 m^3 of methane. In present time exploitation of the Messoyahsk （Russia） and Mallik （Canada） deposits of gas hydrates in is conducted actively. The further perfection of prospecting methods in the field of studying gas hydrates containing sediments in round extent depends on improvement of geophysical and well test research, among which native-state core drilling is one of the major. Sampling nativestate core from gas hydrates sediments keeping not only original composition, but structural-textural features of their construction. Despite of appeal of use gas hydrates as the perspective and ecologically pure fuel possessing huge resources, investigation and development of their deposits can lead to a number of the negative consequences connected with arising hazards for maintenance of their technical and ecological safety of carrying out. Scales of arising problems can change from local up to regional and even global.     

Damage Localization of Offshore Platforms Under Ambient Excitation

In this paper Nondestructive Damage Detection (NDD) for offshore platforms is investigated under operational conditions. As is known, there is no easy way to measure ambient excitation, so damage detection methods based on ambient excitation have become very vital for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of offshore platforms. The modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes) are identified from structural response data with the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) in conjunction with the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) . A new method of damage detection is presented, which utilizes the invariance property of element modal strain energy. This method is to assign element modal strain energy to two parts, and defines two damage detection indicators. One is compression modal strain energy change ratio (CMSECR); the other is flexural modal strain energy change ratio (FMSECR). The present modal strain energy is obtained by incomplete modal shape and structural stiffness matr     

Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization upon Surface Water Quality:A Pilot Study of Panzhihua Mining Town

In order to investigate the impact of urbanization and industrialization on surface water quality,a pilot study of Panzhihua mining town was carried out.The urbanization of Panzhihua region was dominated by industry development and population growth.The level of urbanization showed that it was 18.44% in 1965,and reached 45.99% in 1983.Then,it reached 53.71% in 2005,so the urbanization process was very rapid in Panzhihua region.In the process of industrialization,the level of industrialization was fluctuated...     

组合拱形喷粉桩在深基坑支护中的应用

从支护方案的选择、支护结构形式、施工工艺及支护效果等方面介绍了一种新颖、经济有效的支护结构─组合拱型喷粉桩在上海合流污水治理工程箱涵基坑施工中的应用。     

基础井点降水设计与施工

沿海地区应用基础井点降水技术，较好地疏于施工场区内地下水、降低地下水位，解决了高层建筑深基础开挖和基础施工中的具体困难。文中结合沿海地区的地质特征和水文地质条件，概略地介绍了基础井点降水设计与施工方法。     

1995年云南孟连西7.3级地震前震序列特征及其与主震的关系

在分析１９９５年云南孟连西７３级地震的前震序列时,发现跟踪最大前震６２级的余震序列中,有一组较大震级的地震呈现出随时间的增长不断线性递增的特点,这种特点在云南其他震例中也曾多次出现过。利用修正的大森公式ｎ（ｔ）＝ｋ／（ｔ＋ｃ）ｐ拟合该序列,在获得的参数重新构造的频度－线性化时间坐标中,这一组地震显示出与海城前震序列随时间变化震级出现非线性增强的共同特征。采用表征物质加速应变而失稳的方程ｄ（∑Ｍ０１／２）／ｄｔ＝ｃ／（ｔｍ－ｔ）ｎ,对孟连西前震序列多方面进行跟踪定量分析,预测主震的发生时间平均比实发时间仅推迟２６ｍｉｎ,震级相差０１７级。     

两种Rosenblueth改进法分析边坡稳定可靠度

采用Rosenblueth方法进行边坡可靠度分析时,需要计算2n个参数变量的组合。当输入的参数变量n较多时(如4,5,6),计算量便大大增加。提出两种改进方法:Lind法与Harr法,通过改变取样点的选取位置,将计算次数降为2n次。算例1中,采用上述3种方法计算所得边坡滑坡概率依次为:8.23%、7.93%和7.49%,采用Monte Carlo法进行对比计算得滑坡概率为9.18%,计算结果均非常接近。且2种简化法无需了解各变量的分布特征,只需利用变量的均值和方差,有效地提高了计算效率,并满足一般边坡的精度要求。     

InSAR-GPS-GIS数据整合在地面沉降研究中的应用

讨论了利用GPS提供的精确地理信息和大气参数辅助实现InSAR亚毫米级探测精度方法的可行性．进一步讨论分析了利用GIS对InSARGPS成果进行合成、解译和分析的过程和方法。对利用3种数据整合技术开展城市地面沉降观测的前景作了展望。     

大别山超高压岩石的流变学研究

本文利用野外构造解析、透射电镜、岩组等手段,对大别山地区超高压岩石的变形表象及变形机制进行了详细的观察和研究,从而动态地建立了超高压岩石折返的PTtD轨迹。结果表明:超高压石榴橄榄岩经历了高温和低温两种变形,其中橄榄石中发育高温[001](100)和中低温[010](100)两种滑移系。超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的位错构造发育,位错密度为4.98×10~7/cm~2。绿辉石亚颗粒的特征显示存在颗粒边界迁移和扩散蠕变。绿辉石的组构测定表明,绿辉石晶内塑性流动形成了[001]极密,该极密平行于线理,属L型收缩组构。组构对称型显示本区榴辉岩以共轴变形为主,由于应变分解,部分地区含非共轴成分。付林图解表明,绿辉石和石榴子石的变形均属于收缩型椭球,拉伸型应变,这与绿辉石组构测定结果一致。石榴子石位错密度为3.54×10~7/cm~2,部分地区的石榴子石发育动态重结晶及核幔构造等,形成榴辉岩相糜棱岩。另外根据不同超高压岩石中石英的位错密度或亚颗粒大小,计算了超高压岩石折返时各个阶段的应力大小。     

论找矿勘查的风险性和降低风险的预测性勘查战略

找矿勘查的高风险性表现在找到可赢利矿床的成功率低和找矿发现的成本越来越高,这不仅影响了矿业经济的发展,也影响了公众对地球科学的认识。根据国际找矿勘查的一些统计资料和实例分析了造成找矿勘查高风险性的原因,提出降低风险的预测性勘查战略。区域地质背景、成矿作用的复杂性和勘查者所具有的知识、思维能力、技术手段的局限性等客观因素使找矿勘查的风险不可避免,但不少找矿勘查的失败是由勘查者在资料使用、观察、思维等方面的主观失误造成的。勘查者可以通过增加尝试的次数来获取成功,更可取的是通过提高矿床预测的准确度,以预测性勘查促找矿发现,进而降低找矿勘查的风险。