Equivalent series system to model a multiple friction pendulum system with numerous sliding interfaces for seismic analyses

Current structural analysis software programs offer few if any applicable device-specifi c hysteresis rules or nonlinear elements to simulate the precise mechanical behavior of a multiple friction pendulum system(MFPS) with numerous sliding interfaces.Based on the concept of subsystems,an equivalent series system that adopts existing nonlinear elements with parameters systematically calculated and mathematically proven through rigorous derivations is proposed.The aim is to simulate the characteristics of sliding motions for an MFPS isolation system with numerous concave sliding interfaces without prior knowledge of detailed information on the mobilized forces at various sliding stages.An MFPS with numerous concave sliding interfaces and one articulated or rigid slider located between these interfaces is divided into two subsystems: the fi rst represents the concave sliding interfaces above the slider,and the second represents those below the slider.The equivalent series system for the entire system is then obtained by connecting those for each subsystem in series.The equivalent series system is validated by comparing numerical results for an MFPS with four sliding interfaces obtained from the proposed method with those from a previous study by Fenz and Constantinou.Furthermore,these numerical results demonstrate that an MFPS isolator with numerous concave sliding interfaces,which may have any number of sliding interfaces,is a good isolation device to protect structures from earthquake damage through appropriate designs with controllable mechanisms.     

成都府河水体细菌动态变化及耐药性

将府河从都江堰宝瓶口段至望江公园段分设9个监测点,在秋冬、春夏两季分别取水,首次建立由细菌总数、总大肠菌群数及粪大肠菌群数三个微生物学指标组成的体系,对府河两季水质进行对比监测分析,以综合评价水质、分析季节影响因素并反映出污染物来源.以都江堰宝瓶口大肠杆菌耐药率作为背景值,对整个河段的9个采样点分离纯化鉴定得到102株大肠杆菌,用K-B法进行对比药敏试验.结果表明,府河从都江堰段起,穿过成都市区后,至望江公园段细菌总数、大肠菌群数及粪大肠菌群数虽有波动,但细菌总数总体呈增加趋势,春夏季府河营养富集,水质有所降低.府河中大肠杆菌耐药性较小,β-内酰胺类耐药率在0.96％～33.33％之间,氨基糖苷类1.39％～7.84％,氟喹诺酮类11.43％～11.76％,磺胺类复方新诺明为52.78％,其中β-内酰胺类耐药性、氟喹诺酮类耐药性与源头水质有关,其余与医疗机构排放的废水及生活污水有关,此研究为控制成都府河水体中的污染防控提供了理论依据.     

多极距地电场观测系统数据处理软件

中国地震前兆台网数据处理系统针对传统的“L”型地电场布极方式而开发的数据处理软件,不能对南京地震台地电场数据有效处理,考虑到地电场的矢量特性,南京地震台取消斜道观测,布设同方向3个测道的多极距地电场观测系统.     

Model updating for real time dynamic substructures based on UKF algorithm

Combining the advantages of numerical simulation with experimental testing, real-time dynamic substructure (RTDS) testing provides a new experimental method for the investigation of engineered structures. However, not all unmodeled parts can be physically tested, as testing is often limited by the capacity of the test facility. Model updating is a good option to improve the modeling accuracy for numerical substructures in RTDS. In this study, a model updating method is introduced, which has great performance in describing this nonlinearity. In order to determine the optimal parameters in this model, an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)-based algorithm was applied to extract the knowledge contained in the sensors data. All the parameters that need to be identified are listed as the extended state variables, and the identification was achieved via the step-by-step state prediction and state update process. Effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through a group of experimental data, and results showed good agreement. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based method, and better accuracy was easily found. The proposed parameter identification method has great applicability for structural objects with nonlinear behaviors and could be extended to research in other engineering fields.     

基于结构类型和使用功能的建筑分类及其应用

基于结构类型的建筑分类是抗震设计和地震灾害分布调查的基础,也是开展建筑结构地震易损性研究所依据的分类形式,而在社会管理中则更注重基于使用功能的建筑分类。上述2种建筑分类方法难以给出恰当的经济损失评估结果,因此在面向地震巨灾保险研究与应用时存在一些不足。首先,传统的建筑分类将建筑的使用功能与结构类型平行处理,未考虑建筑结构类型和建筑使用功能的耦合影响;其次,随着经济社会的发展,建筑结构形式和使用功能均不断地变化,需要发展适用性强大的非固定类型分类方法。本文针对地震巨灾保险业务中建筑分类这一核心问题,结合中国建筑形式和使用功能,从建筑结构分类出发,进一步考虑建筑的使用功能,形成了基于结构类型-使用功能多因素耦合的建筑分类模型,并以北京市典型区域为例,对所提出的建筑分类模型开展应用示范。同时,本文提出的建筑分类模型结合网络信息技术,可解决传统分类应用于具体目标区域时分类指标体系不具备可变性的问题,满足了地震巨灾保险的数据需求。     

燕山渤海地震带两端地震活动的特征

研究了燕山渤海地震带两端京西北及晋冀蒙交界地区和渤海海峡及邻区的地震活动特征,得出它们具有：同期活跃、间歇发震、强弱交替、西北早和东南晚的特点。分析认为,渤海海峡及邻区在２０００年前后存在发生５～６级中强地震的可能性。     

传输铁塔对地磁观测台站影响的实验与排除

本文总结了地面上铁磁性物质感应磁场现场测量结果,较详细地描述其感应磁场的分布特征。它对地磁台站的建设与环境保护,分析与排除人为干扰因素有一定的参考意义。文中还分析菏泽地震遥测传输铁塔对地磁观测的干扰情况。结果认为,该铁塔的感应磁场没有影响到地磁观测台。     

Structural Geometry of a Sector of the Colorado River Delta,Baja California,Mexico, Based on Seismic Reflections

A structural study in the SW section of the Colorado River delta using seismic reflection data is presented. The study area is located along the Cerro Prieto transform fault, which extends from the northern Gulf of California through the Mexicali Valley and is an active fault within the Pacific-North American plate boundary zone. The research was supported by a database of five seismic profiles with a total length of 215 km, collected in the early 80’s by Petróleos Mexicanos. The results show a high density of faults, most of which are buried by sediments. Within the Cerro Prieto fault zone, several faults were identified, such as: Palmas, Mesa, and Pangas Viejas, until now unknown. In addition, even though the Indiviso fault was investigated and superficially identify prior to this work, herein mapped at depth. West of the Cerro Prieto fault zone lies the Las Tinajas basin, bound by the Dunas and Saldaña faults and by the Montague basin to the southeast. The deformation zone along the plate boundary is 18-km-wide, stretching from the Cerro Prieto fault in the east to the Pangas Viejas fault in the west. The orientations of the faults are NW–SE, and if projected from the southern side of the Sierra Cucapah southward, the faults tend to join the Cerro Prieto fault. In the Las Tinajas basin, the acoustic basement is deeper than 5,000 m. Some of the largest vertical displacements generated by the 2010 7.2-Mw El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake occurred southeast of the epicenter and coincided with the location of the Pangas Viejas Fault, which is buried by sediments. Before this event, seismic activity was very low, and no structures were known in the area. In this paper, we demonstrate that there are at least seven major faults that may now pose a high seismic hazard.     

Macro-comprehensive evaluation method of high rock slope stability in hydropower projects

Combining with the characteristics of the rock slope in hydropower engineering, the evaluation index system of rock slope stability in hydropower projects is determined based on multiple factors, and based on this, research, collect and establish the typical rock slope database of hydropower projects. Based on the fuzzy optimal recognition theory and Case-Based Reasoning, two different methods of slope stability evaluation are established respectively. Analyzing the rock slope stability of one hydropower project by the two methods, a comparison is made between the two methods and the effectiveness of the methods is verified.     

青藏块体东北缘潜在强震震源研究

依据单一力源模型的基本原理 ,利用青藏块体东北缘多年来水准观测垂直位移资料 ,反演该区 2 0a来中强地震的潜在震源力学参数与未来可能的危险区域 ,得到 :①如果确定所选研究区仅有一个等价强震力源 ,反演的强震力源与实际震中符合度较好 ,这对中强地震地点的预测有一定的参考价值 ;②在青藏块体东北缘6级左右的地震 ,比较合理的可研究范围一般为震源有效半径的 1 0倍 ,对应的等价力源的量级约为 1 0 1 1 N ;③从 1 995～ 2 0 0 0年的分区模拟结果看 ,在祁连的中段存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 (1× 1 0 1 1 N) ;另外 ,在青海与甘肃南部交界处存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 ,该力源深度为 5km ,大小达到 5× 1 0 1 1 N。