重庆地区油菜精细化气候区划研究

重庆市有适宜油菜生长发育的优越气候,在海拔高度、气温、降水、日照等多种气象因子影响下,生长分布有一定规律。本文选取1971~2000年气候数据,基于GIS进行精细化空间分析,同时结合实地调研等相关资料,对油菜进行气候区划,划分出一年二到三熟光照较丰油菜栽培区、一年二到三熟光照一般油菜栽培区、一年二熟光照较丰油菜栽培区、一年二熟光照一般油菜栽培区、一年一到二熟光照较丰油菜栽培区、一年一到二熟光照一般油菜栽培区和气候冷凉阴湿零星栽培区等7个不同类型栽培区,为重庆地区的油菜种植提供客观了参考依据。     

Analysis of a Vortex Precipitation Event over Southwest China Using AIRS and In Situ Measurements

A strong precipitation event caused by the southwest vortex(SWV), which affected Sichuan Province and Chongqing municipality in Southwest China on 10–14 July 2012, is investigated. The SWV is examined using satellite observations from AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), in situ measurements from the SWV intensive observation campaign, and MICAPS(Marine Interactive Computer-Aided Provisioning System) data. Analysis of this precipitation process revealed that:(1)heavy rain occurred during the development phase, and cloud water content increased significantly after the dissipation of the SWV;(2) the area with low outgoing longwave radiation values from AIRS correlated well with the SWV;(3) variation of the temperature of brightness blackbody(TBB) from AIRS reflected the evolution of the SWV, and the values of TBB reduced significantly during the SWV's development; and(4) strong temperature and water vapor inversions were noted during the development of the SWV. The moisture profile displayed large vertical variation during the SWV's puissant phase,with the moisture inversion occurring at low levels. The moisture content during the receding phase was significantly reduced compared with that during the developing and puissant phases. The vertical flux of vapor divergence explained the variation of the moisture profile. These results also indicate the potential for using AIRS products in studying severe weather over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, where in situ measurements are sparse.     

MM5模式对2008年1月25—30日我国南方强冰雪过程的数值模拟

利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料,分析2008年1月25-30日我国南方一次强降雪天气的大尺度环流形势.结果表明,高空环流波动为此次强降雪提供了有利的高空环流形势,中低层阻塞高压及其南部低涡的长期维持是导致低层锋区形成和强降雪发生的关键;由于部分地区大气垂直结构呈上下冷、中间暖的状态,致使冻雨形成.同时,利用中尺度模式MM5对此次过程进行72 h数值模拟,并以模拟结果对湖南湘潭的冰冻成因进行再分析,进一步证实了低层低温、逆温层的存在及充足的水汽是冰冻形成的主要原因.     

基于长江安徽段气枪主动源实验庐江台阵的台站对双差地震速度成像

针对气枪主动源监测中相位加权叠加数据绝对到时拾取可能存在较大误差的问题,提出基于台站之间叠加信号波形的相似性,利用台站对波形的互相关得到更准确到时差的策略。在此基础上,将台站对双差地震速度成像方法直接用于台站对到时差数据,以确定地下介质的速度异常。本文利用长江安徽段气枪实验在庐江临时地震台阵接收到的数据进行了测试,发现基于波形互相关得到的到时差数据比绝对到时数据更准确。最后,采用台站对双差地震成像的方法,得到了庐江台阵覆盖区域的地壳三维速度异常模型,继而确定了该地区较大尺度的地下结构分布。     

环境样品中痕量元素的化学形态分析Ⅰ．分析技术在化学形态分析中的应用

文章介绍了形态分析的基本概念,常用的联用分析技术,如气相色谱原子吸收光谱、气相色谱原子荧光光谱、气相色谱微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱、气相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱、高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱等在环境样品(水、土壤、沉积物)中痕量元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析中的应用,土壤和沉积物中污染元素的顺序提取步骤,以形态分析发展动态。引用文献72篇。     

PCR-SPA-MC模型在滑坡稳定性分析中的应用

破坏概率与随机模拟理论在滑坡稳定性分析中得到了广泛地应用。然而,通过对传统破坏概率与随机模拟方法的具体操作发现,其没有考虑到因素相关性的影响,由此笔者引入主成分-逐步回归算法, 建立了PCR-SPA-MC耦合模型。并结合巴东县赵树岭滑坡研究,进行了工程实例分析。分析表明,PCR-SPA-MC模型给出的结果比传统破坏概率法得出的结果更为理想。     

青藏高原热融湖塘动态监测中高分辨率遥感数据处理方法研究

遥感技术由于能够快速、 宏观的获得研究区域的数据, 已成为青藏高原热融湖塘动态监测的重要技术手段. 基于野外现场调查和SPOT-5、 QuickBird两种高分辨率遥感卫星数据的特性分析, 结合影响青藏高原热融湖塘发育的一系列特征因素, 探讨了最适合于青藏高原热融湖塘动态监测的高分辨率遥感数据的纠正、 融合和信息提取方法. 应用该方法对2006-2009年间北麓河盆地北侧的红梁河至秀水河段公路沿线局部63 km²范围的热融湖塘进行了变化特征分析, 结果表明该区的热融湖塘个数和总面积在研究时段都有所增加, 其中湖塘由70个增加到75个, 湖塘总面积增量19.65%.     

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing‐Shenfu Area

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.     

山东石墨资源潜力预测

以"矿床成矿系列"理论为指导,利用"矿床模型综合地质信息预测"方法分析提取石墨典型矿床预测要素,结合典型矿床及石墨成矿地质特征提取区域预测要素,建立了区域成矿模式及区域预测模型。在陆缘海相对稳定的沉积环境下沉积形成的古元古代荆山群陡崖组徐村段含碳碎屑岩-有机质黏土岩-镁质碳酸盐岩建造、古元古代晚期区内的高角闪岩-麻粒岩相的中—高级变质作用是区内晶质石墨矿床形成的必要条件。区域性褶皱构造的翼部、次级褶皱构造的核部及转折端附近,角闪石、透闪石、透辉石、石墨、黑云母矿物组合特征是石墨矿床成矿、赋矿的重要要素,陡崖组徐村段石墨黑云斜长片麻岩或石墨透辉变粒岩是石墨矿床的重要找矿标志。石墨赋矿层位的高极化率、低电阻率、低磁异常特征是石墨矿床存在的重要指示标志。按照赋矿变质建造分布范围,控矿构造展布方向及区内电性、重磁异常特征等综合因素圈定预测区平面及深部延伸边界。全区圈定预测区85个,其中A级14个,B级11个,C级60个,分区域、地段、深度、级别(类别)定量估算500 m以浅资源量,预测晶质石墨矿物量1亿多t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜富氦气田成藏特征及其大地构造背景*

近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。