地区场选样洪水计算在西部流域应用分析

为采用地区场选样洪水计算方法分析研究建立了西部祖厉河流域设计洪水计算经验公式,设计计算成果经与皮尔逊三型频率曲线设计计算成果比较分析,计算成果精度较高。由此确定了该流域设计洪水计算相关成果图及查算表,为该流域设计洪水计算提供技术支撑。     

不同地下水流系统模式渗流场和温度场的互相影响

在地热资源丰富的地区,需要研究不同地下水流系统发育模式下渗流场和温度场的互相影响.基于二维潜水盆地多源汇的数值模拟和室内砂箱实验,改变降雨入渗强度,通过砂箱底部加温研究上下边界不同温度差条件下的渗流场和温度场的变化.研究结果表明:①随着降雨入渗强度加大,地下水流速增大,地下水流系统由单一区域系统向复杂的局部+区域、局部...     

Temporal structures of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its impact on the regional climate variability

In this study, the temporal structure of the variation of North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） and its impact on regional climate variability are analyzed using various datasets. The results show that blocking formations in the Atlantic region are sensitive to the phase of the NAO. Sixty-seven percent more winter blocking days are observed during the negative phase compared to the positive phase of the NAO. The average length of blocking during the negative phase is about 11 days, which is nearly twice as long as the 6-day length observed during the positive phase of the NAO. The NAO-related differences in blocking frequency and persistence are associated with changes in the distribution of the surface air temperature anomaly, which, to a large extent, is determined by the phase of the NAO. The distribution of regional cloud amount is also sensitive to the phase of the NAO. For the negative phase, the cloud amounts are significant, positive anomalies in the convective zone in the Tropics and much less cloudiness in the mid latitudes. But for the positive phase of the NAO, the cloud amount is much higher in the mid-latitude storm track region. In the whole Atlantic region, the cloud amount shows a decrease with the increase of surface air temperature. These results suggest that there may be a negative feedback between the cloud amount and the surface air t.emperature in the Atlantic region.     

Effects of Coal Gangue Content on Water Movement and Solute Transport in a China Loess Plateau Soil

The mining industry has grown strongly in China in recent decades, resulting in large amounts of coal gangues, which cause water and soil pollution, soil erosion, and various other environmental problems. They are often used in reclamation projects in attempts to restore land damaged by mining, hence they are frequently present (in widely varying proportions) in the topsoil in areas around mines. Their presence can strongly affect key soil variables, including its bulk density, structure, water retention, water movement, and solute transport rates. In the study presented here, the effects of gangue contents on infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and solute transport parameters of a Chinese Loess plateau soil were examined. The results show that infiltration rates and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing gangue content. The Peck–Watson equation modeled these relationships well, but Bouwer–Rice equations provided poorer matches with the acquired data. Cumulative infiltration over time was described well by both the Philip equation and Kostiakov equation. Both the simplified convection–dispersion equation and a two‐region model described the solute transport processes well. In addition, the dispersion increased, while both the Peclet number and mobile water fraction decreased, with increases in gangue contents.     

青藏高原多年冻土区活动层土壤入渗特征及机理分析

青藏高原多年冻土区活动层土壤的入渗规律研究是高寒区土壤水循环过程研究的主要内容。以青藏高原多年冻土区高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸和高寒草原的活动层土壤为研究对象,裸地为参照对象,分析了不同植被类型土壤的入渗规律及其主要影响因子。结果表明：不同植被类型土壤的入渗能力排序为高寒草原>裸地>高寒草甸>高寒沼泽草甸。高寒草甸土壤中致密的根系对土壤水分的运移具有强烈的阻滞作用,降低了土壤的入渗性能,而高寒草原土壤层根系较为稀疏,对土壤入渗的阻滞作用较弱,土壤水分向深层的渗漏速率较大。通过对比4种土壤入渗模型的模拟结果,发现Horton模型更适用于描述高寒草地土壤水分的入渗过程。另外,不同入渗模型对裸地入渗过程的模拟均优于其他植被类型草地,说明植被类型及植物的生长状况影响土壤入渗过程的模拟效果。全球变暖条件下,多年冻土区土壤入渗研究将为青藏高原多年冻土区陆地水文过程模型提供参数支持,为未来水资源变化研究提供基础数据。     

广东省北江流域坡向与海拔对汛期降水量的影响

利用1956—2000年广东省北江流域40个水文站逐月降水量资料,统计北江流域汛期降水量与山地坡向及海拔高度的关系特征。利用地理加权回归 (GWR) 方法消除站点空间位置不同带来的宏观地理因子影响后,进行多年平均汛期降水量随海拔高度变化的相关分析,根据其点聚程度分区,研究降水量随海拔高度的变化规律。结果表明:广东省北江流域汛期降水量总体上呈纬向空间分布,由南至北逐渐减少,其中多雨区位于北江流域的东南部;在流域中部的英德至流域南部的清远之间的干流附近存在稳定的多雨中心。4个子区域最大降水量高度不同,由南至北分别为77.3 m,408.4 m,353.6 m和376.9 m,相对应的最大降水量分别为1566.2 mm,1467.4 mm,1295.9 mm和1151.5 mm。广东省北江流域汛期降水量变差系数由西南至东北依次增大,说明降水量的年际变化呈北大南小的空间分布规律。     

山东沂南金厂金铜矿床构造、岩浆演化与成矿模式

本文系统总结了该矿床穹窿构造和岩浆演化的特征，并提出简要的成矿模式。     

中国某些板内构造与矿床的关系

简要介绍了几种代表性矿床与某些板内构造的关系,其中包括郯庐断裂及其有关矿床、拉分盆地宁芜铁矿、伸展构造与胶东金矿、陆内碰撞造山带与豫西金矿、昆阳裂谷与东川铜矿等,并初步探讨了这些板内构造与板块构造活动的关系及其深部机制。     

台站短水准数据处理分析软件

台站短水准测量外业工作结束后，其后的观测数据计算处理、电报文件的生成、各类报表的编制、曲线图件的绘制、分析会商资料处理等内业工作量很大(合肥形变台年终应提交的报表和图件共有123份之多)，且繁琐。人工操作费时费力，易出差错。