起伏海面的雷电电磁场传播特征及其对闪电定位精度的影响

为了研究起伏海面对雷电电磁传播的影响,本文利用Barrick表面阻抗理论和Wait近似算法,采用改进二维分形海面模型模拟起伏海面,利用数值模式,分析起伏海面的雷电电磁传播特征,并进一步讨论了起伏海面对时差法闪电定位系统定位精度的影响。结果表明:起伏海面对垂直电场和磁场的峰值的影响不显著,但会引起波形的上升期时间的延长,浪高越大,影响越明显;随着观测距离的增加,雷电垂直电场波形的上升时间逐渐变长;风速的变化与雷电垂直电场波形的上升时间成正比;由于海面起伏引起雷电电磁场波形在传播中的变化会影响基于时差法闪电定位系统的定位精度,定位误差可达几至十几公里。     

南海北部底层沉积物捕获器中海雪和生物粪粒组成及来源探究

Sediment traps are an important tool for studying the source, composition and sedimentation processes of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. An in situ observational mooring(TJ-A-1) is located in the northern South China Sea(20.05°N, 117.42°E) at a water depth of 2 100 m and equipped with two sediment traps deployed at 500 m and 1 950 m. Samples were collected at 18-day intervals, and 20 samples were obtained at both depths from May 2014 to May 2015. Large amounts of fecal matter and marine snow were collected in the lower trap. The fluxes of marine snow and fecal pellets exhibited a fluctuating decrease between May 2014 and early August 2014 and then stabilized at a relatively low level. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the main components of the marine snow and fecal pellets were diatoms, coccolithophores, radiolarians, and other debris, all of which are planktons mostly produced in photic zone. Used in conjunction with the particle collection range estimates from the lower trap and data on ocean surface chlorophyll, these marine snow and fecal pellets were related to the lateral transport of deep water and not vertical migrations from overlying water column. Moreover, the source area might be southwest of Taiwan.     

地震应急指挥中心可视化中控系统的设计与实现

介绍地震应急指挥中心中控系统的建设情况,阐述了可视化智能中控系统的功能需求、逻辑结构和应用框架结构,分析了可视化智能中控系统的功能特点,并对中控系统的技术发展和应用进行展望。     

MAROS: a decision support system for optimizing monitoring plans

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS), a decision-support software, was developed to assist in formulating cost-effective ground water long-term monitoring plans. MAROS optimizes an existing ground water monitoring program using both temporal and spatial data analyses to determine the general monitoring system category and the locations and frequency of sampling for future compliance monitoring at the site. The objective of the MAROS optimization is to minimize monitoring locations in the sampling network and reduce sampling frequency without significant loss of information, ensuring adequate future characterization of the contaminant plume. The interpretive trend analysis approach recommends the general monitoring system category for a site based on plume stability and site-specific hydrogeologic information. Plume stability is characterized using primary lines of evidence (i.e., Mann-Kendall analysis and linear regression analysis) based on concentration trends, and secondary lines of evidence based on modeling results and empirical data. The sampling optimization approach, consisting of a two-dimensional spatial sampling reduction method (Delaunay method) and a temporal sampling analysis method (Modified CES method), provides detailed sampling location and frequency results. The Delaunay method is designed to identify and eliminate redundant sampling locations without causing significant information loss in characterizing the plume. The Modified CES method determines the optimal sampling frequency for a sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty in its concentration trend. MAROS addresses a variety of ground water contaminants (fuels, solvents, and metals), allows import of various data formats, and is designed for continual modification of long-term monitoring plans as the plume or site conditions change over time.     

煤炭国家规划矿区管理及与煤炭矿区辨析

针对煤炭国家规划矿区与煤炭矿区易混淆不清问题,基于相关标准和通知,详细解读了煤炭国家规划矿区和煤炭矿区的定义,梳理了第一、二批煤炭国家规划矿区和《全国矿产资源规划（2016-2020年）》划定的煤炭国家规划矿区基本情况,并从划定目的、划定依据和形成时段等方面详细阐述了二者的区别。指明煤炭国家规划矿区划定主管部门是自然资源部,划定主要目的是控制矿权设置,规范矿业权管理;煤炭矿区划定主管部门是国家发展改革委,划定目的主要是为生产开发做准备。在未来煤炭国家规划矿区管理工作中,建议加强煤炭规划矿区基本理论、划定标准及规划矿区内矿产资源与环境影响等方面的研究。     

Shell model representation as a substitute of LoD3 for 3D modeling in CityGML

The OGC standard for 3D city modeling is widely used in an increasing number of applications.It defines five consecutive Levels of Detail(LoD0 to LoD4 with increasing accuracy and structural complexity),in which LoD3 includes all exterior appearances and geometrical details and subsequently requires much storage space.A new LoD is introduced as shell model with the exterior shell of the LoD3 model and the opening objects like windows,doors as well as smaller faade objects are projected onto walls.In this paper,a user survey is presented.The results of this survey show that the shell model can give users almost the same visual impression as the LoD3 model.Furthermroe,algorithms are developed to extract the shell model from LoD3 model.Experiments show that this shell model can reduce up to 90% storage of the original LoD3 model.Therefore,on one hand it can be used as a substitute for a LoD3 model for the visualization on small displays.On the other hand,it can be treated as a sub-level of detail(SLoD3) in CityGML,since it retains almost the same amount of information but requires much less storage space.     

基于无人机高光谱遥感技术对内陆养殖池塘水质监测的研究

为准确、快速、全面获取内陆养殖小区池塘及尾水处理池水体水质变化情况,建立养殖水环境实时预警调控及数字化管控机制,选择浙江湖州市集中连片的养殖小区为试验区,于2020年12月采用搭载GaiaSky-mini高光谱相机的无人机进行试验区近地遥感图像采集,并进行图像拼接、辐射校正和几何校正等预处理;然后对反射波段进行差值、比...     

多年冻土区活动层冻融状况及土壤水分运移特征

利用位于典型多年冻土区的唐古拉综合观测场2007年9月1日—2008年9月1日实测活动层剖面土壤温度和水分数据,对多年冻土区活动层的冻结融化规律进行研究;同时,对冻融过程中的活动层土壤液态水含量的变化特征进行分析,探讨了活动层内部土壤水分分布特征及其运移特点对活动层冻结融化过程的影响. 结果表明：活动层融化过程从表层开始向下层土壤发展,冻结过程则会出现双向冻结现象. 一个完整的年冻融循环中活动层冻结过程耗时要远远小于融化过程. 活动层土壤经过一个冻融循环,土壤水分整体呈现下移的趋势,土壤水分逐步运移至多年冻土上限附近积累. 同时,土壤水分含量和运移特征会对活动层冻融过程产生显著的影响.     

龙口的海风及其影响

本文运用龙口气象站近５年自记风资料及实测探空资料，分析了龙口海风的生消规律、海风强度、空间结构及海风生成后对温、湿度的影响。同时为分析海风环流对大气污染物的影响。本文提出了一个简单地计算热内边界层的方法。     

基于危险度区划的县级区域降雨引发滑坡的风险预警方法——以四川省米易县降雨滑坡为例

降雨滑坡预警在世界上开展广泛,但对小区域的降雨滑坡风险进行预警尚不多见。以通用的风险定义为基础,首先对目标区域——四川省米易县的地质灾害进行调查,以典型滑坡进行反演,获得灾害的本底因素,按贡献率权重叠加法进行危险度分区;通过对承灾体的调查确定承灾对象,并将各承灾对象按密度由行政界限向1km×1km的网格单元转化后叠加形成易损度分区。二者相乘完成风险分区。对研究区域近5年逐日降雨数据与172条地质灾害记录进行分析,按前期日降雨量模型得到降雨阈值,根据滑坡空间概率和降雨引发滑坡的时间概率叠加的结果,得到研究区域的降雨滑坡概率,对照风险分区,完成风险预警。