吉林市城市居住空间结构研究

以城市居住小区为统计单元,研究了吉林市城市居住小区的空间结构和社会结构.通过对吉林市居住小区资料的分析,归纳为5种类型:传统边缘小区、单位住宅小区、混合住宅小区、中低档商品房小区和高档商品房小区.运用密度分析法、圈层距离分析法和景观格局测度法,分析了各类居住小区的空间形态特征,归纳出目前吉林市城市居住空间的3个空间结构层次:中心城区、外围城区和城市边缘区.传统边缘小区主要分布在城市边缘区,在西部和南部边缘有较高的密度;单位住宅小区主要分布在中心城区和外围城区,地块破碎度较小;混合住宅小区数量最多,面积最大,主要分布在中心城区,外围城区也有较多分布;中低档住宅小区数量很多,分布较均匀;高档商品房小区主要分布在中心城区和外围城区交汇处的松花江沿岸,在城市边缘区没有分布.运用叠置分析法分析了吉林市城市居住空间的资源可获性,并将资源可获性划分为5个等级,其中混合住宅小区的资源可获性指数最高,传统边缘小区指数最低.通过对小区居民的调查问卷,分析了各个类别城市居住小区内居民的社会结构特征.发现小区的社会分异现象初显,居住小区内居民同质属性越来越弱,居民生活社区化明显,邻里关系淡化,老龄化特征凸显.     

地磁测量及其应用

地磁已广泛应用于地球科学、航天航空、交通通讯、地震预测、空间天气等诸多领域。鉴于地磁测量是地磁应用的基础，本文分析了现代地磁测量及其研究概况，展望了地磁应用发展趋势。     

基于遥感和统计数据的成都市碳氧平衡分析

以四川省成都市为研究区,利用2014年Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像,提取该区土地利用/覆被数据,并结合经济、交通、生产耗能等基础统计数据,构建碳-氧平衡分析模型,对2014年碳氧收支量进行了研究,并对碳-氧平衡状况进行分析评价。结果表明,成都市2014年碳平衡系数为-0.049,氧平衡系数为-0.503。由于成都市东中西部社会活动功能差异和土地覆被类型分布不均,导致成都市19个行政区的碳氧平衡差异明显。最后,基于研究结果,对降低碳释放、社会经济活动和生态空间格局方面提出相应建议,可为成都市生态文明建设提供科学依据。     

地下水水源保护区范围计算的KLF法及其在徐州张集地区的应用

详细介绍了地下水水源保护区范围的计算方法:Krijgsman-Lobo-Ferreira(KLF)法,分别推导出了正水流梯度方向、负水流梯度方向和垂直于地下水流方向保护区范围的计算公式,并就方法的适用性及参数取值等问题进行了探讨.在徐州张集地区应用的结果表明,KLF法提供了一种计算地下水保护区范围的便捷、科学、有效的方法,计算结果对于确定地下水源保护区范围及有效保护地下水源具有实际意义.     

基于多波束数据的港珠澳大桥隧道基础检测分析

介绍了港珠澳大桥沉管隧道碎石基础结构测量控制内容,针对沉管隧道水下标高测量精度高的特点,通过对多波束测深数据的对比分析,验证了测深数据的精度及可靠性。并基于多波束数据量大、相对精度高的优点,提出特制单波束数据与多波束数据相结合的水下标高点面控制法和深水深槽结构物尺寸图上测量法,实现了沉管隧道碎石基础质量全面控制,并为管节安装快速决策提供依据。     

Last glacial terrestrial vegetation record of leaf wax n-alkanols in the northern South China Sea: Contrast to scenarios from long-chain n-alkanes

Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea (SCS) were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from ~42 ka to ~7 ka. The results showed that terrestrial vegetation record from long-chain n-alkanes matched well with previous studies in nearby cores, showing that more C₄ plants developed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and C₃ plants dominated in the interglacial period. However, these scenarios were not revealed by terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanols, which showed C₃ plant expansion during the LGM. The discrepancy during the interglacial period could be attributed to the aerobic degradation of functionalized long-chain n-alkanols in the oxygen-rich bottom water, resulting in poor preservation of terrestrial vegetation signals. On the other hand, the different advantages of functionalized n-alkanols and non-functional n-alkanes to record local and distal vegetation signals, respectively, may offer a potential explanation for the contradiction during the LGM when the SCS was characterized by low-oxygen deep water. Nevertheless, large variations on n-alkyl lipid compositions in C₃/C₄ plants could play a part in modulating sedimentary long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes toward different vegetation signals, thereby suggesting that caution must be taken in respect to the terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanols.     

芙蓉岛秋季鸟类生物多样性研究

为了解芙蓉岛鸟类生态类群和多样性,本文以2019年9月芙蓉岛鸟类调查数据为基础,利用样点法对芙蓉岛鸟类的种类、生态类群、区系、居留型和鸟类多样性等进行了研究。结果表明：本次调查共记录鸟类5目15科31种,其中国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种,列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约及有效决议汇编》附录Ⅲ中的鸟类1种。从生态类群构成上：鸣禽19种,猛禽7种,涉禽4种,陆禽1种;从鸟类地理区系构成上：广布种23种,古北种7种,东洋界1种;从居留类型构成上：冬候鸟5种,留鸟3种,旅鸟17种,夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟混合类型6种。鸟类群落多样性指数（H’）为3.83,均匀度指数（J）为0.77。芙蓉岛鸟类优势种为红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）、家燕（Hirundo rustica）和树麻雀（Passer montanus）。本文对芙蓉岛鸟类生物多样性进行了报道,对芙蓉岛鸟类资源的本底调查以及该区域鸟类生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

渤海湾渔业碳汇分析与预测初探

为了解渤海湾近十年来渔业碳汇能力,本研究汇总了渤海湾地区2010-2020年海水养殖的品种和产量。通过建立不同养殖品种固碳能力评估体系,计算了不同养殖品种对渔业碳汇的贡献和渤海湾近十年海水养殖固碳总量。结果表明,2010-2020年渤海湾海水养殖以池塘养殖为主要养殖模式,年固碳量从2010年的5.79万吨增至2020年的11.04万吨,十年内共计固碳96.0万吨,平均碳转化比为12.5%,其中山东省贡献超过65%。该探索对建立“渔业碳汇”计算的指标体系、科学发展碳汇渔业、提升海洋碳汇生态价值具有一定的指导意义。     

Dynamic simulation of tropical coral reef ecosystem being disturbed by multiple situations

In consideration of the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems, the establishment of models is helpful to comprehend the degradation mechanism of coral reef ecosystems and predict the development process of coral reef communities. According to the characteristics of complex ecosystem of tropical coral reefs in China, the coral reef functional group is the core level variable; combined with the multiple feedback effects of coral reef functional groups and environmental changes, the study presents a coral reef ecosystem dynamics model with hermatypic corals as the core. Based on the simulation of the assumed initial value and the internal feedback of the system, the results show that in the basic simulation(relative health conditions), the coverage area of live corals and coral reefs generally decreased first and then increased, and increased by 4.67% and 6.38% between2010 and 2050, respectively. Based on the calibration model and the current situation of the studied area, the multi-factor disturbance effects of coral reef communities were simulated and explored by setting up three scenarios involving fishing policy, terrestrial deposition, and inorganic nitrogen emissions. Among them, in the single factor disturbance, the fishing policy exerts the most direct impact on the community decline; and the succession phenomenon is obvious; the terrestrial sedimentation has a faster and more integrated effect on the community decline; the effect of inorganic nitrogen emission on the community decline is relatively slow. In the double/multi-factor disturbance, the superimposed disturbance will aggravate the multi-source feedback effect of the coral reef communities development, accelerate the community decay rate, and make its development trajectory more complicated and diverse. This method provides a scientific and feasible method for simulating the damage of long-term coral reef community and exploring the development law and adaptive management of coral reef ecosystems. In the future, it can be further studied in the ecological restoration process and decisionmaking direction of coral reefs.     

东海陆架盆地中生界“弱低频”反射的二维地震调查技术

正0 引言东海陆架盆地是我国海域的一个大型中、新生代叠合改造型含油气盆地,具有良好的油气资源前景。20世纪70年代以来,油气勘探层位主要针对新生界。因中生界地质结构复杂,断裂发育且后期改造强烈,其地震资料品质较差,即地震反射能量弱、频率低、连续性差(简称"弱低频"反射),严重制约了东海中生界油气的进一步调查。近年来,青岛海洋地质研究所通过二维地震采集参数模拟、采集试验和攻关处理,获取了较好的二维地震数据资料。1 "长电缆、强震源、