一类光滑算子和ε—Spline函数及计算网格点偏导数的一种格式

本文讨论并提出了一类气象上常用的带有可控制参数的光滑算子和一种ε—Spline概念。基于此,统一地给出了正方形(或矩形)网点的数值场的光滑算子公式和计算偏导数的一种格式。 光滑算子和差分格式中所含的参数,可以根据预报方程和滤波要求确定。我们以有限域正压原始方程为例,说明了如何确定对u,v(风场分量)和φ的光滑公式以及差分格式中的参数的方法。     

带电粒子在中性线磁场中的运动

本文利用了小扰动方法、轨道法以及粒子的运动区域,比较系统地研究了带电粒子在中性线磁场中的运动。其结果是: 1.带电粒子的运动轨道可分为漂移轨道、波动轨道与8字形轨道三种形式。小扰动方法不能使用于中性线的区域内,在这个区域出现一个与小扰动漂移运动相反方向的运动。 2.在沿中性线方向的电场的作用下,中性线周围的部分粒子可以聚集到中性线附近。当粒子进入非小扰动区时,它们将被中性线磁场反射,并被电场加速。 3.计算出磁尾中性片的厚度为在这个区域内,大部分带正电的粒子的平均运动是沿晨昏方向,带负电的粒子的运动则相反。磁尾区出现一个等离子体中性片电流。     

农业气象试验站温室土壤温度控制系统

采用８０３１,８２７９,８２５５,ＡＤＣ０８０９,２８６４,６２６４等芯片组成一实用的温室土壤温度控制系统。由键盘输入温室土壤的上,下限温度,通过ＡＤＣ０８０９对温室土壤温度进行采样,并实时显示土壤温度。当土壤温度超越上,下限时,系统报警,并进行自动处理。     

MESO-α-SCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OVER CHINA DURING 1995

There were 102 meso-α-scale convective systems(MαCSs)generated over China and theneighboring sea during June—August 1995.Those MαCSs were concentrated in three major areas:the west of South China,Sichuan Basin,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang andthe Huanghe River Basin.Six cases of MαCS in different regions are given to show the variety ofthe MαCS genesis and development by the distributions of their cold-cloud-shield black bodytemperature.     

里下河地区梅雨量的可能异常和变化规律

本文利用50年代以来的观测资料,分析了里下河地区梅雨期降水量的基本特征,对若干年一遇的可能梅雨量异常和变化规律进行了初步研究。得出里下河地区梅雨量具有5年和3年周期的变化,并且阜宁的降水量是异常小中最小的,兴化的降水量是异常大中最大的。     

New orthorhombic phases on the join NiAl2O4 (spinel analog)-Ni2SiO4 (olivine analog): Stability and implications to mantle mineralogy

Three new crystalline phases differing in Si/Al ratio have been synthesized from compositions along the join NiAl₂O₄-Ni₂SiO₄. Four reversible univariant equilibria involving these new phases plus Ni₂SiO₄ (olivine) have been located within the P-T region studied (1 atm–40 kb, 1000–1700° C); an invariant point occurs near 22 kb, 1150°C.All three new phases are orthorhombic. Precession photographs and electron microprobe analyses yield the following information:Phase I: 5NiO·3Al₂O₃·SiO₂ = 3NiAl₂O₄·Ni₂SiO₄, Pmma, a=5.67, b=11.51, c=8.10 (Å)Phase II: 7NiO·3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ = 3NiAl₂O₄· 2Ni₂SiO₄, Imma, a=5.66, b=17.32, c=8.11Phase III: 3NiO· Al₂O₃· SiO₂ = NiAl₂O₄·Ni₂SiO₄, Imma, a=5.68, b=11.49, c=8.12Comparison with known structures suggests that these three phases plus NiAl₂O₄ spinel and high pressure Ni₂SiO₄ spinel belong to a homologous series based on a cubic close oxygen packing of the formula: M_2n O _n}-1 (T _n O_3n+1) where M and T are octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated cations, respectively. When n=1 the formula for spinel is obtained; n = 2 for phase I and phase III, both similar to the beta-phase of orthosilicates; and n = 3 for phase II which is related to the manganostibite structure.Similar phase equilibria and structural relations may occur on other joins of the aluminateorthosilicate type. Furthermore, the occurrence of such structural modifications between the spinel (aluminate) and olivine (orthosilicate) compositions suggests that there could be a corresponding polymorphic series between the olivine and spinel forms of orthosilicates.     

A thermo‐mechanical model for variably saturated soils based on hypoplasticity

The paper presents a mechanical model for non‐isothermal behaviour of unsaturated soils. The model is based on an incrementally non‐linear hypoplastic model for saturated clays and can therefore tackle the non‐linear behaviour of overconsolidated soils. A hypoplastic model for non‐isothermal behaviour of saturated soils was developed and combined with the existing hypoplastic model for unsaturated soils based on the effective stress principle. Features of the soil behaviour that are included into the model, and those that are not, are clearly distinguished. The number of model parameters is kept to a minimum, and they all have a clear physical interpretation, to facilitate the model usefulness for practical applications. The step‐by‐step procedure used for the parameter calibration is described. The model is finally evaluated using a comprehensive set of experimental data for the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated compacted silt. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CHINA’S FOUR MAJOR METEOROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS

China lies in East-Asian monsoon region,which is one of the well-known active monsoon zones around the world.Monsoon anomaly results in frequent natural disasters,such as drought,torrential rain and flood.In 1998,joint intensified observations for 4 major meteorological scientific experiments have been carried out over Chinese major monsoon affected areas.A number of valuable data have been obtained and some observational facts have come out after initial analysis.The present paper is to give an introduction to the 4 major meteorological scientific experiments conducted in 1998 in China.including its origin and scientific goals,implementation and planning,equipment and progress,and initial findings from the important observational facts.It aims to provide a comprehensive report on the progress of the above experiments for those who are interested in.     

Application of Astronomic Time-latitude Residuals in Earthquake Prediction

After the earthquake (Ms = 6.1) occurred in Luquan county of Yunnan province on April 18, 1985, the relationship between major earthquakes and astronomical time-latitude residuals (ATLR) of a photoelectric astrolabe in Yunnan Observatory was analyzed. ATLR are the rest after deducting the effects of Earth’s whole motion from the observations of time and latitude. It was found that there appeared the anomalies of the ATLR before earthquakes which happened in and around Yunnan, a seismic active region. The reason of the anomalies is possibly from change of the plumb line due to the motion of the groundmass before earthquakes. Afterwards, using studies of the anomalous characters and laws of ATLR, we tried to provide the warning information prior to the occurrence of a few major earthquakes in the region. The significant synchronous anomalies of ATLR of the observatory appeared before the earthquake of magnitude 6.2 in Dayao county of Yunnan province, on July 21, 2003. It has been again verified that the anomalies possibly provide the prediction information for strong earthquakes around the observatory.